1C.M. Cutter is assistant professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

2L.A. Szczygiel is qualitative analyst, Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

3R.D. Jones is research area specialist senior, Center for Bioethics & Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

4L. Perry is research area specialist associate, Center for Bioethics & Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

5C. Mangurian is professor, Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

6R. Jagsi is the Lawrence W. Davis Professor and chair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.

The authors have informed the journal that they agree that both Christina M. Cutter and Lauren A. Szczygiel completed the intellectual and other work typical of the first author.

Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Sindy Escobar Alvarez at the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation in preparing and providing the deidentified dataset for analysis in this study.

Funding/Support: This work was supported by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation through a grant to the University of Michigan (Principal Investigator Reshma Jagsi). The funders played no role in the decision to submit this article for publication.

Other disclosures: Reshma Jagsi has stock options as compensation for her advisory board role in Equity Quotient, a company that evaluates culture in health care companies; she has received personal fees from the Greenwall Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health and grants or contracts for unrelated work from the National Institutes of Health, the American Cancer Society, the Susan G. Komen Foundation, Genentech, and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan for the Michigan Radiation Oncology Quality Consortium. She has served as an expert witness for Sherinian and Hasso, Dressman Benzinger LaVelle, and Kleinbard, LLC. Outside of this work, Christina Mangurian is supported by several grants from the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute on Drug Abuse), Department of Defense, Health Resources & Services Administration, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, California Health Care Foundation, Genentech, and United Health Group. Christina M. Cutter reports receiving grant funding from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation for this work (Principal Investigator Reshma Jagsi) as well as professional fees from the Research Consortium for Health Care Value Assessment, RAND Corporation, and Wolters Kluwer for research and presentations unrelated to this study.

Ethical approval: The University of Michigan institutional review board determined that this study was research on organizations and thus not regulated as human subjects research.

Correspondence should be addressed to Reshma Jagsi, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Ste 1354, Atlanta, GA 30322; telephone: (404) 778-3630; email: [email protected]; Twitter: @reshmajagsi.