• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Agency-wide Climate and Health Task Force: FY 2022 Strategic Framework [cited 2023 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/docs/Agency-Climate-Health-External-Strategic-Framework-508.pdf. This strategic framework was developed to guide the future of climate and health activities across the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in coordination with partners, to increase the capacity to prevent, prepare for, and respond to the ongoing and emerging health impacts of climate change.

•• Reidmiller DR, Avery CW, Easterling DR, Kunkel KE, Lewis KLM, Maycock TK, et al. USGCRP, 2018. Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II, Washington D.C., U.S.A. [cited 2021 21 Oct]. Available from: https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/. This report synthesizes information about the impacts of climate change in the United States. This report focuses on the human welfare, societal, and environmental elements of climate change and variability for 10 regions and 18 national topics, including chapters on air quality and human health.

Gillespie E, Schramm PJ, Hsu J. Public health response to climate change for allergists-immunologists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;128(6):626–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Children’s environmental health: proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26848. [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Available from: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26848/childrens-environmental-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop.

Lindsay S, Hsu S, Ragunathan S, Lindsay J. The impact of climate change related extreme weather events on people with pre-existing disabilities and chronic conditions: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022:1–21.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. EXHALE guide for healthcare professionals [cited 2023 Feb 6]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/exhale/documents/EXHALE-Healthcare-Professionals-Guide-508.pdf. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) National Asthma Control Program created this guide to assist healthcare professionals in using CDC’s EXHALE strategies to help people with asthma achieve better health outcomes. The EXHALE strategies are a set of six strategies; each of these strategies is proven to reduce asthma-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and healthcare costs.

Global Initiative for Asthma. 2022 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Fontana, WI [cited 2023 9 Feb]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/.

National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma—Full Report 2007. NIH Publication No. 07–4051. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2007.

Fann NL, Nolte CG, Sarofim MC, Martinich J, Nassikas NJ. Associations between simulated future changes in climate, air quality, and human health. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1): e2032064.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Ground-level Ozone Basics [cited 2023 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/ground-level-ozone-pollution/ground-level-ozone-basics#formation.

HEI Panel on the Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. 2022. Systematic review and meta-analysis of selected health effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Special Report 23. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute. [cited 2023 Feb 28]. Available from: https://www.healtheffects.org/system/files/hei-special-report-23_4.pdf.

Zheng XY, Ding H, Jiang LN, Chen SW, Zheng JP, Qiu M, et al. Association between air pollutants and asthma emergency room visits and hospital admissions in time series studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(9):e0138146.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baek J, Kash BA, Xu X, Benden M, Roberts J, Carrillo G. Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital readmissions among the pediatric asthma patient population in South Texas: a case-crossover study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13).

Byers N, Ritchey M, Vaidyanathan A, Brandt AJ, Yip F. Short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on asthma-related emergency department visits in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2007–2011. J Asthma. 2016;53(3):245–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castner J, Guo L, Yin Y. Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma in Erie County, New York 2007–2012. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;91(2):205–14.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Winquist A, Grundstein A, Chang HH, Hess J, Sarnat SE. Warm season temperatures and emergency department visits in Atlanta, Georgia. Environ Res. 2016;147:314–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soneja S, Jiang C, Fisher J, Upperman CR, Mitchell C, Sapkota A. Exposure to extreme heat and precipitation events associated with increased risk of hospitalization for asthma in Maryland, USA. Environ Health. 2016;15:57.

Poole JA, Barnes CS, Demain JG, Bernstein JA, Padukudru MA, Sheehan WJ, et al. Impact of weather and climate change with indoor and outdoor air quality in asthma: a work group report of the AAAAI Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health Committee. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(5):1702–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schramm PJ, Brown CL, Saha S, Conlon KC, Manangan AP, Bell JE, et al. A systematic review of the effects of temperature and precipitation on pollen concentrations and season timing, and implications for human health. Int J Biometeorol. 2021;65(10):1615–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitinoja MA, Hugg TT, Siddika N, Rodriguez Yanez D, Jaakkola MS, Jaakkola JJK. Short-term exposure to pollen and the risk of allergic and asthmatic manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(1):e029069.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shrestha SK, Lambert KA, Erbas B. Ambient pollen concentrations and asthma hospitalization in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma. 2021;58(9):1155–68.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erbas B, Jazayeri M, Lambert KA, Katelaris CH, Prendergast LA, Tham R, et al. Outdoor pollen is a trigger of child and adolescent asthma emergency department presentations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergy. 2018;73(8):1632–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Particle pollution and your patients’ health [updated 2022 Aug 18; cited 2023 Mar 17]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/pmcourse/learn-about-particle-pollution-and-your-patients-health-course.

Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee; Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, et al. 2020 Focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(6):1217–70.

Fan J, Li S, Fan C, Bai Z, Yang K. The impact of PM2.5 on asthma emergency department visits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016;23(1):843–50.

Lim H, Kwon HJ, Lim JA, Choi JH, Ha M, Hwang SS, et al. Short-term effect of fine particulate matter on children’s hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(4):205–19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang HH, Pan A, Lary DJ, Waller LA, Zhang L, Brackin BT, et al. Time-series analysis of satellite-derived fine particulate matter pollution and asthma morbidity in Jackson, MS. Environ Monit Assess. 2019;191(Suppl 2):280.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stowell JD, Geng G, Saikawa E, Chang HH, Fu J, Yang CE, et al. Associations of wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure with cardiorespiratory events in Colorado 2011–2014. Environ Int. 2019;133(Pt A):105151.

Gan R, Liu J, Ford B, O’Dell K, Vaidyanathan A, Wilson A, et al. The association between wildfire smoke exposure and asthma-specific medical care utilization in Oregon during the 2013 wildfire season. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022;30(4):618–28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reid C, Considine E, Watson G, Telesca D, Pfister G, Jerrett M. Associations between respiratory health and ozone and fine particulate matter during a wildfire event. Environment International. 2019;129.

Delfino RJ, Brummel S, Wu J, Stern H, Ostro B, Lipsett M, et al. The relationship of respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions to the Southern California Wildfires of 2003. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66(3):189–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mendell MJ, Mirer AG, Cheung K, Tong M, Douwes J. Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness, mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):748–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould [cited 2023 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789289041683.

Cowan KN, Pennington AF, Gregory T, Hsu J. Impact of hurricanes on children with asthma: a systematic literature review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022;16(2):777–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arcaya MC, Lowe SR, Rhodes JE, Waters MC, Subramanian SV. Association of PTSD symptoms with asthma attacks among hurricane Katrina survivors. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27(6):725–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Landeo-Gutierrez J, Forno E, Miller GE, Celedon JC. Exposure to violence, psychosocial stress, and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(8):917–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Huang W, Yu P, Xu R, Yang Z, Gasevic D, et al. Long-term impacts of non-occupational wildfire exposure on human health: a systematic review. Environ Pollut. 2023;320:121041.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charlson F, Ali S, Benmarhnia T, Pearl M, Massazza A, Augustinavicius J, et al. Climate change and mental health: a scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9).

Mirabelli M, Vaidyanathan A, Pennington A, Ye D, Trenga C. Wildfire smoke and symptoms affecting mental health among adults in the U.S. State of Oregon. Prev Med. 2022.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manage your asthma during disasters [cited 2023 Mar 2]. Available from: https://blogs.cdc.gov/yourhealthyourenvironment/2022/08/03/manage-your-asthma-during-disasters/.

Brusselle GG, Koppelman GH. Biologic therapies for severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(2):157–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Fasenra (benralizumab) [cited 2023 Feb 9]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/761070s000lbl.pdf.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Xolair (omalizumab) [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/103976s5225lbl.pdf.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Cinqair (reslizumab) [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/761033lbl.pdf.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Dupixent (dupilumab) [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/761055s044lbl.pdf.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Tezspire (tezepelumab-ekko) [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/761224s000lbl.pdf.

Saha S, Vaidyanathan A, Lo F, Brown C, Hess JJ. Short Term physician visits and medication prescriptions for allergic disease associated with seasonal tree, grass, and weed pollen exposure across the United States. Environ Health. 2021;20(1):85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manangan A, Brown C, Saha S, Bell J, Hess J, Uejio C, et al. Long-term pollen trends and associations between pollen phenology and seasonal climate in Atlanta, Georgia (1992–2018). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(4):471–80.e4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anderegg WRL, Abatzoglou JT, Anderegg LDL, Bielory L, Kinney PL, Ziska L. Anthropogenic climate change is worsening North American pollen seasons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(7).

Barnes H, Lu J, Glaspole I, Collard HR, Johannson KA. Exposures and associations with clinical phenotypes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a scoping review. Respir Med. 2021;184: 106444.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chew G, Saha S. Impacts of climate change on indoor allergens. In: Breggs P, editor. Impacts of climate change on allergens and allergic diseases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2016.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Food for thought: what Hurricane Sandy can teach us about food allergy preparedness [cited 2023 Mar 3]. Available from: https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2019/05/food-allergies/.

Food Allergy Research and Education. Food allergy emergency and disaster preparedness [cited 2023 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.foodallergy.org/resources/food-allergy-emergency-and-disaster-preparedness.

Philipsborn RP, Sheffield P, White A, Osta A, Anderson MS, Bernstein A. Climate change and the practice of medicine: essentials for resident education. Acad Med. 2021;96(3):355–67.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fonseca C, Philipsborn R. Climate change, extreme weather & children: what families need to know [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/all-around/Pages/climate-change-extreme-weather-and-children-what-families-need-to-know.aspx.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Kalbitor (ecallantide) [cited 2023 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/125277s071lbl.pdf.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Asceniv (immune globulin intravenous, human-sira) [cited 2023 Feb 15]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/122525/download.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Highlights of prescribing information: Bivigam (immune globulin intravenous, human-sira) [cited 2023 Mar 6]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/84782/download.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most recent asthma data [cited 2023 Mar 17]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_national_asthma_data.htm.

•• Davis CM, Apter AJ, Casillas A, Foggs MB, Louisias M, Morris EC, et al. Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions in racial and ethnic underserved populations: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Committee on the Underserved. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(5):1579–93. This report reviews current evidence regarding health disparities in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic-immunologic diseases, as well as primary immune deficiency disease.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar