Plasma amino acid signature for sarcopenic phenotypes in community-dwelling octogenarians: Results from the Kawasaki Aging Wellbeing Project

ElsevierVolume 178, July 2023, 112230Experimental GerontologyAuthor links open overlay panel, , , , , Highlights•

PFAA association with sarcopenic phenotypes in octogenarians was reported.

No PFAAs correlated with muscle strength or mass.

Higher histidine and lower alanine levels were associated with poor gait speed.

Histidine and alanine are promising biomarkers of poor physical performance.

Abstract

Sarcopenia is one of the primary risk factors for various adverse health events in later life. However, its pathophysiology in the very old population remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to examine whether plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) correlate with major sarcopenic phenotypes (i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) in community-dwelling adults aged 85–89 years living in Japan. Cross-sectional data from the Kawasaki Aging Well-being Project were used. We included 133 adults aged 85–89 years. In this study, fasting blood was collected to measure 20 plasma PFAAs. Measures for the three major sarcopenic phenotypes included appendicular lean mass assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance, isometric handgrip strength, and gait speed from a 5 m walk at a usual pace. Furthermore, we used phenotype–specific elastic net regression models adjusted for age centered at 85 years, sex, body mass index, education level, smoking status, and drinking habit to identify significant PFAAs for each sarcopenic phenotype. Higher histidine and lower alanine levels were associated with poor gait speed, but no PFAAs correlated with muscle strength or mass. In conclusion, PFAAs such as plasma histidine and alanine are novel blood biomarkers associated with physical performance in community-dwelling adults aged 85 years or older.

AbbreviationsALM

appendicular lean mass

BCAA

branched chain amino acid

KAWP

Kawasaki Aging Well-being Project

PFAA

plasma free amino acid

Keywords

Elderly

Sarcopenia

Histidine

Alanine

Physical performance

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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