Abetesola EO. Ultrasonographic Measurements Of Ocular Volume In Nigerian Adults In Osogbo, Nigeria. RADIOLOGY [Preprint]. 2017. Available at: https://dissertation.npmcn.edu.ng/index.php/FMCR/article/view/1744. (Accessed: 30 Oct 2021).

Abubakar S, et al. Sonographic Measurement Of Normal Ocular Volume Among Healthy Adults In Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. undefined [Preprint]. 2016. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sonographic-Measurement-Of-Normal-Ocular-Volume-In-Abubakar-Suwaid/5b5c2d886741d29ceca6d25d1b50e6262f8a86bd. (Accessed: 3 Oct 2021).

Acer N, Sahin B, et al. Stereological estimation of the orbital volume: a criterion standard study. J Craniofacial Surg. 2009;20(3):921–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181a1686d.

Article  Google Scholar 

Acer N, Bunyamin B, et al. Unbiased estimation of the eyeball volume using the cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Craniofacial Surg. 2009;20(1):233–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181843518.

Article  Google Scholar 

Acer N, et al. Estimation of the eyeball and orbital volume using the cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. Trakya Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi - TRAK UNIV TIP FAK DERG. 2010;28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5174/tutfd.2010.03473.3.

Adenis JP, et al. Treatment of proptosis with fat removal orbital decompression in graves’ ophthalmopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1998;8(4):246–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/112067219800800408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akinci A, et al. Relationship between intraocular pressure and obesity in children. J Glaucoma. 2007;16(7):627–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e318057528a.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alsuhaibani AH, et al. Orbital volume and eye position changes after balanced orbital decompression. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27(3):158–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0b013e3181ef72b3.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amino N, et al. Exophthalmos in autoimmune thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51(6):1232–4. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-51-6-1232.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andrades P, et al. Characterization of the orbital volume in normal population. J Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg Official Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surg. 2018;46(4):594–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2018.02.003.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arner P, Spalding KL. Fat cell turnover in humans. Biochemi Biophys Res Commun. 2010;396(1):101–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.165.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non-traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):356–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atobatele MO. Sonographic determination of ocular volume among adults at the university of ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Radiology [Preprint]. 2014. Available at: https://dissertation.npmcn.edu.ng/index.php/FMCR/article/view/1696. (Accessed: 3 Oct 2021).

Surekha B, et al. Assessment of normal occular volume using magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Contemp Med Surg Radiol. 2020;5(1). https://doi.org/10.21276/ijcmsr.2020.5.1.59.

Bagheri A, Ferdousi AA, Behtash F. Normal exophthalmometry range in Kashan city. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2007;16(61):101–6.

Google Scholar 

Baillie LJ, et al. Ancestry and BMI influences on facial soft tissue depths for a cohort of chinese and caucasoid women in Dunedin. New Zealand J Forensic Sci. 2015;60(5):1146–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12799.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balázs E, et al. Erfahrungen mit transpalpebraler orbitaler Lipektomie. Der Ophthalmologe. 2006;103(6):517–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-006-1342-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barrera JE, Most SP. Volumetric imaging of the malar fat pad and implications for facial plastic surgery. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008;10(2):140–2. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfacial.2007.20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barretto RL, Mathog RH. Orbital measurement in black and white populations. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(7 Pt 1):1051–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199907000-00007.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartelink EJ, Chesson LA. Recent applications of isotope analysis to forensic anthropology. Forensic Sci Res. 2019;4(1):29–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2018.1549527.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beden U, et al. Exophthalmometry values of Turkish adult population and the effect of age, sex, refractive status, and Hertel base values on Hertel readings. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18(2):165–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/112067210801800201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bentley RP, et al. Normal changes in orbital volume during childhood. J Neurosurg. 2002;96(4):742–6. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.4.0742.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bilen H, Gullulu G, Akcay G. Exophthalmometric values in a normal Turkish population living in the northeastern part of Turkey. Thyroid. 2007;17(6):525–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2006.0279.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Billah A-M. An anatomical study of orbital dimensions and its utility in orbital reconstructive surgery. Onkol Radioter. 2021;9

Bite U, et al. Orbital volume measurements in enophthalmos using three-dimensional CT imaging. PlasT Reconstr Surg. 1985;75(4):502–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198504000-00009.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gil B, de Montes F, et al. ‘Exophthalmometry in Mexican adults’, Revista De Investigacion Clinica. Organo Del Hospital De Enfermedades De La Nutricion. 1999;51(6):341–3.

Google Scholar 

Bontzos G, et al. Quantification of effective orbital volume and its association with axial length of the eye. A 3D-MRI study. Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019;63(4):360–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boruah DK, et al. Normative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of orbital structures in pediatric population of North-Eastern India: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(8):2099–105. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_546_21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bron AJ, et al. Wolff’s anatomy of the eye and orbit. 8th ed. London Weinheim: Chapman & Hall Medical; 1997.

Google Scholar 

Brown RD, Douglas J. Exophthalmometry of blacks. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83(6):835–6. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-835_2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carlson RE, et al. Exophthalmos, global luxation, rapid weight gain: differential diagnosis. Ann Ophthalmol. 1982;14(8):724–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Challa NK, Alghamdi WM. Normal ocular protrusion values in south indian population and effect of age, gender and refractive status on ocular protrusion. Clin Ophthalmol (Auckland, NZ). 2021;15:1445–51. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S302154.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chan W, et al. Exophthalmometric values and their biometric correlates: The Kandy eye study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;37(5):496–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02087.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang M, Baek S, Lee TS. Long-term outcomes of unilateral orbital fat decompression for thyroid eye disease. Graefe’s Archi Clini Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(3):935–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2195-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Charpy M. Le coussinet adipeux du sourcil. Bibliographie anatomique. 1909;19:47–52.

Google Scholar 

Chau A, et al. Is eye size related to orbit size in human subjects? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2004;24(1):35–40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00159.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chau A, Fung K, Yap M. Evaluation of the accuracy of volume determination on the orbit and eyeball using MRI. Radiography. 2005;11(1):35–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2004.10.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, et al. Study on the growth of orbital volume in individuals at different ages by computed tomography. [Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chin J Ophthalmol. 2006;42(3):222–5.

Google Scholar 

Cheng AM, et al. Long-term outcomes of orbital fat decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2018;102(1):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309888.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng T, et al. Normative exophthalmometry values in Hispanic individuals. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;63(7):595-A0296.

Google Scholar 

Cheung JJC, et al. Exophthalmometry values in the Hong Kong Chinese adult population from a population-based study. Medicine. 2019;98(47):e17993. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017993.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ching JA, Ford JM, Decker SJ. Aging of the adult bony orbit. J Craniofacial Surg. 2020;31(4):1082–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000006311.

Article  Google Scholar 

Choi JH, et al. Measurement of orbital volume from facial ct scans using a semi-automatic computer program. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2015;56(2):168–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chung J, et al. Semi-automatic measurement of ocular volume from facial computed tomography and correlation with axial length. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2019;60(3):210–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Clendenen SR, Kostick DA. Ocular globe luxation under general anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(5):1630–1. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181839262.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cole HP, et al. Exophthalmometry: a comparative study of the Naugle and Hertel instruments. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;13(3):189–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comerci M, et al. Semiautomatic regional segmentation to measure orbital fat volumes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26(4):373–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cooper WC. A method for volume determination of the orbit and its contents by high resolution axial tomography and quantitative digital image analysis. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1985;83:546–609.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Greef S, et al. The influence of sex, age and body mass index on facial soft tissue depths. Forensic Sci