A review of behavioural rating scales for the assessment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among adults: Efficacy, best practices, and research recommendations.

Abstract

This study aimed to improve understanding of the best behavioural rating scales for adult ADHD assessment by mapping and comparing these scales, with a particular focus on the largely unexplored area of detecting feigned or invalid symptom presentation. A comprehensive review and comparison of the most recent literature on behavioural rating scales for adult ADHD assessment was conducted, examining their psychometric properties and the breadth of symptoms they assess. The investigation found that the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS), and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) emerged as the most precise scales for adult ADHD assessment. The study also noted a growing emphasis on the development of tools to assess feigned or invalid symptom presentation, either as independent measures or integrated within existing scales. Stand-alone tools were found to be more effective than embedded ones, with the ADHD Symptom Infrequency Scale (ASIS) identified as the most precise scale for detecting feigning. Consequently, the review offers recommendations for the most accurate behavioural rating scales in different research-related contexts involving adult ADHD assessment.

Competing Interest Statement

R. Mukherjee has delivered presentations for several pharmaceutical companies specializing in ADHD, whereby the funds generated were specifically allocated to the neurodevelopmental teams, with no direct financial compensation received by the author. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Funding Statement

The work was supported by the MRC Impact Acceleration Grant to Roi Cohen Kadosh.

Author Declarations

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I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

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Data Availability

All data produced in the present work are contained in the manuscript

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