X-ray-responsive prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers for multimodal cancer therapy

Radiotherapy as one of most important cancer treatment modalities has been widely used in the therapy of various cancers. The clinically used radiation (e.g. X-ray) for radiotherapy has the advantages of precise spatiotemporal controllability and deep tissue penetration. However, traditional radiotherapy has been frequently limited by the high side effects and tumor hypoxia. The combination of radiotherapy and other cancer treatment modalities may overcome the disadvantages of radiotherapy and improve the final therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, the X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers were extensively explored to introduce other treatment modalities in the precise position during radiotherapy, which can reduce the side toxicity of the drugs and improve the combination therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers to boost X-ray-based multimodal synergistic therapy with reduced toxicity. The design strategies of the prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers are discussed.

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