In France, the last 150 years has witnessed the radical transformation of medicine by the feminization of the field, reaching gender equity at the beginning of the 21st century. It seems that equality will be surpassed in favor of women in the coming years, with an increasing proportion of female students: 64% of first-year students were women in 2004 [1]. We can predict that in 2042 60% of practicing doctors will be women [2].

However, this progressive situation is still marred by persistent career inequalities [3]. C. Rosso et al presented the problem of the glass ceiling for women in hospital-university careers. In 2006 in France, only 18.5% of university professors were women [3]. Differences also persist in the choice of specialty, with only one in four female anesthesiologists and only one in three female surgeons [2].

Moreover, there is a general tendency in France to postpone the age of first pregnancy. In 2019, the age of first maternity reached 30.7 years compared to 29.3 years twenty years earlier [4]. This fact tends to oppose the natural fertility of women, which decreases from the age of 31 years [5]. Sociologist Nathalie Lapeyre explained that there is a "telescoping of reproductive and productive calendars" for female doctors [6]. In 2014, Nouri et al showed that medical students planned to have children later than non-medical students. Despite greater knowledge of the effect of age on fertility, these students believed that ART (assisted reproductive technology) could supplant the effect of time [7].

Since the authorization of contraception in France in 1967, contraceptive options have been diversified in order to closely adapt to the needs and desires of women. In the study by S. Jost et al [8], it was reported that about one-third of pregnancies are still "unplanned", including two-thirds of pregnancies that occurred despite contraception, mostly due to insufficient compliance and lack of information. Among female doctors where the question of contraception and whether or not to devote time to a pregnancy are essential, it seemed relevant to us to explore the contraceptive habits of this segment of the French female population.

The main objective of this work was to describe the contraceptive profile of French female medical residents and evaluate the impact of workload on their choice of contraception as well as difficulties encountered. The secondary objective was to evaluate their gynecological follow-up.