Palladium Nanoparticle Implanted Polymer Membrane for Reusable Dip-Catalysis of diverse C-C and C-heteroatom (O/S/N) coupling reactions

The criteria for the development of a successful catalyst are simple yet cheap fabrication, high efficiency, stability, flexibility, straightforward recovery, reusability, and ease of scale-up. There are reports of palladium nanoparticle (PdNP)-based catalysts for performing carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions, but aforesaid criteria are rarely met in a single system. Moreover, a single catalyst system performing different types of C-C and C-heteroatoms cross-coupling reactions is very rare. Herein, we achieved the above-mentioned criteria by using a reusable polymer embedded Pd nanoparticle dip-catalyst membrane without any other ligands or additives under milder reaction conditions. The composite membrane was fabricated by simply depositing poly(4-vinyl pyridine) anchored PdNP (average size 9.9 nm) on Nylon-6 membrane followed by UV cross-linking. The C-C bond formation reactions using diverse reagents (Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonagashira, Stille, Hiyama reactions) were achieved to give the desired products in high to excellent isolated yields while the C-X (X=N/O/S) bond formations were accomplished in moderate to good isolated yields. The turnover number (TON) and frequency (TOF) for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction are calculated as ≥ X104 and 3.11s-1 respectively. The P4VP-PdNP dip-catalyst system was stable under the reaction conditions without significant leaching of Pd into the solution. The dip-catalyst membrane can be reused at least 10 times without losing any significant activity. The substrate scope for most of the cross-coupling reactions was tested which indicate functional group tolerance and coupling reaction can take place with moiety having electron donating or withdrawing group.

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