Touch imprint smear: A prerequisite to obtain better quality and “true” tumor RNA in breast tissues

Breast cancer, the most common feminine cancer diagnosed worldwide, is also the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths among women [1]. Gene expression-based studies are fundamental to understanding the molecular landscape and mechanisms underlying various processes involved in breast tumorigenesis [2]. RNA is the primary genetic material required for gene expression and other molecular studies. The sampling and preparation of RNA is a major challenge as RNA is more unstable and sensitive to degradation than DNA [3], [4]. High purity and good quality and quantity of RNA extracted from breast tissues is mandatory to the success of various analytic techniques like real-time PCR, RNA sequencing etc. [5], [6]. In the last few decades, various methods and kits have been developed aiming to meet these key requirements[7]. However, the RNA extracted from breast tissue has been shown to have low quality and quantity compared to RNA extracted from other tissues like the pancreas due to the former being a fatty tissue. Therefore, optimization of the techniques for breast tissue RNA extraction is a challenging but essential requirement. Another problem faced while working with the malignant tissues is the identification of exact tumor boundaries. The preliminary examination of the tumor tissues, taking palpable solid tumors as criteria, provides an idea about the size and location of the tumor. However, the exact and precise localization of the tumor may not always be possible by this method alone leading to contamination of the tumor RNA by normal or adipose tissue RNA. Such a contamination may dilute the results of tumor gene expression-based studies. Thus, developing a method for extracting good quality and quantity of RNA that accurately represents the tumor in mammary tissues is mandatory to subsequent molecular biology experiments.

In the present work, we have tried to explore a simple, less expensive yet reliable technique to overcome the above challenges faced by researchers while working on the RNA of breast tissues.

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