Department of Critical Care Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goran, Iran (Ms Abedian); and Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Goran, Iran (Drs Khoddam and Kolagari).

Correspondence: Shohreh Kolagari, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Hirkan Boulevard, Gorgan, Iran ([email protected]).

This article has been released from a thesis in partial fulfillment of master of science in critical care nursing, school of nursing and midwifery, which was financially supported by the Golestan University of Medical Sciences. The authors thank all nurses and patients because of their kind participation in this study.

The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article.