Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020;396(10247):345–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silverberg JI, Gelfand JM, Margolis DJ, et al. Patient burden and quality of life in atopic dermatitis in US adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121(3):340–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Girolomoni G, Luger T, Nosbaum A, et al. The economic and psychosocial comorbidity burden among adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Europe: analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021;11(1):117–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chovatiya R, Silverberg JI. Evaluating the longitudinal course of atopic dermatitis: implications for clinical practice. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(4):459–68.

Nic Dhonncha E, O'Connor C, Cosgrave N,et al. Burden of treatment in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(6):e467–e468.

Eyerich K, Pennino D, Scarponi C, et al. IL-17 in atopic eczema: linking allergen-specific adaptive and microbial-triggered innate immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(1):59-66.e4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eyerich K, Novak N. Immunology of atopic eczema: overcoming the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Allergy. 2013;68(8):974–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Batista DI, Perez L, Orfali RL, et al. Profile of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin, claudins 1 and 4) and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in adults with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(6):1091–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ong PY, Leung DY. Bacterial and viral infections in atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;51(3):329–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wollenberg A, Barbarot S, Bieber T, et al. Consensus-based European guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) in adults and children: part I. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(5):657–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kabashima K, Matsumura T, Komazaki H, Kawashima M. Trial of nemolizumab and topical agents for atopic dermatitis with pruritus. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(2):141–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rademaker M, Agnew K, Andrews M, et al. Managing atopic dermatitis with systemic therapies in adults and adolescents: an Australian/New Zealand narrative. Australas J Dermatol. 2020;61:9–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ankrum JA, Ong JF, Karp JM. Mesenchymal stem cells: immune evasive, not immune privileged. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32(3):252–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Consentius C, Reinke P, Volk HD. Immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: what has been seen in vitro and in vivo. Regen Med. 2015;10(3):305–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding DC, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Transplant. 2011;20(1):5–14.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown C, McKee C, Bakshi S, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells: cell therapy and regeneration potential. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2019;13(9):1738–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ullah M, Liu DD, Thakor AS. Mesenchymal stromal cell homing: mechanisms and strategies for improvement. iScience. 2019;15:421–438.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ding DC, Chang YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a new era for stem cell therapy. Cell Transpl. 2015;24(3):339–47.

Article  Google Scholar 

Weiss DJ, Kolls JK, Ortiz LA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Prockop DJ. Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and lung diseases. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5(5):637–67.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang HS, Habib M, Chan J, et al. A paradoxical role for IFN-gamma in the immune properties of mesenchymal stem cells during viral challenge. Exp Hematol. 2005;33(7):796–803.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin SJ, Yan DC, Lee YC, et al. Umbilical cord blood immunology: relevance to stem cell transplantation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;42(1):45–57.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim HS, Lee JH, Roh KH, Jun HJ, Kang KS, Kim TY. Clinical trial of human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: phase I/IIa studies. Stem Cells. 2017;35(1):248–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Philippe V, Brüggen MC, et al. Antagonistic effect of the inflammasome on thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in the skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(6):1348–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park NJ, Bong SK, Lee S, et al. Compound K improves skin barrier function by increasing SPINK5 expression. J Ginseng Res. 2020;44(6):799–807.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park SJ, Im DS. Blockage of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 attenuates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020;41(11):1487–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee HS, Kim J, Choi HG, Kim EK, Jun CD. Licoricidin abrogates T-cell activation by modulating PTPN1 activity and attenuates atopic dermatitis in vivo. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(10):2490-2498.e6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R, et al. Relationship between EASI and SCORAD severity assessments for atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(6):1708-1710.e1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitamura A, Takata R, Aizawa S, Watanabe H, Wada T. A murine model of atopic dermatitis can be generated by painting the dorsal skin with hapten twice 14 days apart. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5988.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suzuki T, Nishiyama K, Kawata K, et al. Effect of the lactococcus lactis 11/19-B1 strain on atopic dermatitis in a clinical test and mouse model. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):763.

Lee SY, Hong SH, Kim HI, Ku JM, Choi YJ, Kim MJ, Ko SG. Paeonia lactiflora Pallas extract alleviates antibiotics and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms by suppressing inflammation and changing the gut microbiota composition in mice. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;154: 113574.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeng ZW, Huang JQ, Chen Y, Yu X, Zhu W, Zhang DS. Acupoint autohemotherapy attenuates atopic dermatitis lesions by regulating Th1/Th2 balance in DNCB-induced BALB/c mice. Chin J Integr Med. 2022;28(7):612–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang L, Gao J, Li X, Cao X, Zhou B. Molecular Mechanisms of Luteolin Against Atopic Dermatitis Based on Network Pharmacology and in vivo Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022;16:4205–21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hua C, Zheng Q, Zhu J, et al. Human papillomavirus type 16 early protein E7 activates autophagy through inhibition of dual-specificity phosphatase 5. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1863098.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen S, Zhan S, Hua C, Tang Y, Cheng H. A Novel Combined Use of Dupilumab for Treatment of Aggressive Refractory Pemphigus Vulgaris Complicated With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report and the RNA-seq Analysis. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 825796.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hua C, Zhu J, Zhang B, Sun S, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Digital RNA sequencing of human epidermal keratinocytes carrying human papillomavirus type 16 E7. Front Genet. 2020;11:819.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Reimand J, Isserlin R, Voisin V, Kucera M, Tannus-Lopes C, Rostamianfar A, Wadi L, Meyer M, Wong J, Xu C, et al. Pathway enrichment analysis and visualization of omics data using g:Profiler, GSEA, cytoscape and EnrichmentMap. Nat Protoc. 2019;14(2):482–517.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(43):15545–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ribatti D. The staining of mast cells: a historical overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2018;176(1):55–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Puebla-Osorio N, Sarchio S, Ullrich SE, Byrne SN. Detection of infiltrating mast cells using a modified toluidine blue staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1627:213–22.

Article  CAS