Retrospective Review of Blood Culture Confirmed Cases of Enteric Fever in Navi Mumbai, India: 2014 to 2018

Abstract

India has one of the highest estimated burdens of enteric fever globally. Prior to implementation of Typbar-TCV typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in a public sector pediatric immunization campaign in Navi Mumbai, India, we conducted a retrospective review of blood culture-confirmed cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers to estimate the local burden of disease. This review included all blood cultures processed at a central microbiology laboratory, serving multiple hospitals, in Navi Mumbai (January 2014 to May 2018) that tested positive for either Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi A. Of 40,670 blood cultures analyzed, 1,309 (3.2%) were positive for S. Typhi (1,201 [92%]) or S. Paratyphi A (108 [8%]). Culture positivity was highest in the last months of the dry season (April-June). Our findings indicate a substantial burden of enteric fever in Navi Mumbai and support the importance of TCV immunization campaigns and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This work was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant #OPP1169264 (PI: Prof. Stephen P. Luby). S.A.H. is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant T32AI007502, as well as by the Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute.

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I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

Local Institutional Review Board approval was not solicited, as the study involved secondary data analysis, while the protocol for this study was approved by the Stanford University IRB (eprotocol #39627). All data provided to investigators were deidentified.

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I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

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Data Availability

All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors

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