Stagnant daily smoking prevalence between 2008 and 2019 among Black and Hispanic adults with serious psychological distress

Cigarette smoking in the United States (U.S.) has declined significantly since the mid-1960s, yet marked sociodemographic disparities in smoking rates and smoking-related morbidity and mortality persist (Jamal et al., 2018). One highly impacted group consists of people with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, and recurrent depressive disorders). Remarkably, 45–85% of adults with SMI smoke, which is up to 7 times the prevalence in the general population (Cornelius et al., 2022, de Leon and Diaz, 2005, Dickerson et al., 2018, Lasser et al., 2000, McClave et al., 2010). Tobacco-related disease is responsible for approximately half of all deaths among people with SMI (Callaghan et al., 2014). Consequently, people with SMI lose an average of 25 years of potential life, compared to the 10 years of potential life lost in the general smoking population (Colton and Manderscheid, 2006). Moreover, psychiatric symptoms, even below the threshold of SMI, are associated with smoking heaviness (Snell et al., 2021). The second-largest inequity indicator in cigarette smoking among all individual indicators (e.g., education, employment) is serious psychological distress (SPD) (Agaku et al., 2020). SPD is a binary indicator of intense psychiatric symptoms that is derived from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), a validated screening measure for SMI symptoms (Andrews and Slade, 2001, Kessler et al., 2003, Kessler et al., 2010).

Independent of mental illness symptomology, people of racial/ethnic minority status experience unique challenges related to tobacco use. People who are Black and Hispanic face racial discrimination, which is linked to nicotine dependence, cigarette craving, and poor cessation outcomes (Dawson and Fletcher, 2021, Kendzor et al., 2014, Webb Hooper et al., 2020). Accordingly, despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day and smoking on fewer days than adults who are White, as well as making more quit attempts, adults who are Black have lower cessation rates and experience a greater burden of smoking-related diseases (Lortet-Tieulent et al., 2017, Nollen et al., 2019). In addition, Black and Hispanic adults receive cessation advice from doctors and use proven smoking cessation treatments less frequently than White adults (Babb et al., 2020, Pagano et al., 2018), suggesting the need to adapt and increase the delivery of smoking cessation treatments to non-White groups.

Despite the growing body of research on the independent associations of (a) smoking and mental illness; and (b) smoking and racial/ethnic minority status, no study to date has examined the interaction of mental illness symptomology and racial/ethnic minority status on smoking outcomes. This study uses National Study on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to estimate, for the first time, the national prevalence of cigarette smoking and analyze temporal trends in longitudinal trajectories smoking among Black, Hispanic, White, and Other adults with and without SPD.

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif