Writing Group M, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR et al (2016) Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 133 (4):e38–360.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350

Raichle ME (1983) The pathophysiology of brain ischemia. Ann Neurol 13(1):2–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410130103

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yepes M, Roussel BD, Ali C, Vivien D (2009) Tissue-type plasminogen activator in the ischemic brain: more than a thrombolytic. Trends Neurosci 32(1):48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dharmasaroja P (2009) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 16(1):12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2008.05.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bang OY, Lee JS, Lee PH, Lee G (2005) Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients. Ann Neurol 57(6):874–882. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.20501

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borlongan CV, Lind JG, Dillon-Carter O, Yu G, Hadman M, Cheng C, Carroll J, Hess DC (2004) Bone marrow grafts restore cerebral blood flow and blood brain barrier in stroke rats. Brain Res 1010(1–2):108–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.072

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stonesifer C, Corey S, Ghanekar S, Diamandis Z, Acosta SA, Borlongan CV (2017) Stem cell therapy for abrogating stroke-induced neuroinflammation and relevant secondary cell death mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 158:94–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Zhou M, Wu X, Li Z, Liu B, Gao W, Yue J, Liu T (2019) Promoting therapeutic angiogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia using thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) gene-modified bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in a rat model. J Transl Med 17(1):111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-1845-z

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manuel GE, Johnson T, Liu D (2017) Therapeutic angiogenesis of exosomes for ischemic stroke. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 9(6):188–191

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakahara Y, Northcott PA, Li M, Kongkham PN, Smith C, Yan H, Croul S, Ra YS et al (2010) Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of Kruppel-like factor 4 in medulloblastoma. Neoplasia 12(1):20–27. https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.91122

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Li J, Wang A, Wang Z, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F et al (2021) Sevoflurane inhibits traumatic brain injury-induced neuron apoptosis via EZH2-downregulated KLF4/p38 axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:658720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.658720

Cheng Z, Zou X, Jin Y, Gao S, Lv J, Li B, Cui R (2018) The role of KLF4 in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Cell Neurosci 12:325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2018.00325

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Su C, Sun F, Cunningham RL, Rybalchenko N, Singh M (2014) ERK5/KLF4 signaling as a common mediator of the neuroprotective effects of both nerve growth factor and hydrogen peroxide preconditioning. Age (Dordr) 36(4):9685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9685-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Wang L, Han Z, Dong J, Pang D, Fu Y, Li L (2020) KLF4 alleviates cerebral vascular injury by ameliorating vascular endothelial inflammation and regulating tight junction protein expression following ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-01780-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126(4):663–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leng Z, Li Y, Zhou G, Lv X, Ai W, Li J, Hou L (2020) Kruppel-like factor 4 regulates stemness and mesenchymal properties of colorectal cancer stem cells through the TGF-beta1/Smad/snail pathway. J Cell Mol Med 24(2):1866–1877. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14882

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barry G (2014) Integrating the roles of long and small non-coding RNA in brain function and disease. Mol Psychiatry 19(4):410–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.196

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu B, Cao W, Xue J (2019) LncRNA ANRIL protects against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in PC-12 cells: potential role in ischaemic stroke. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 47(1):1384–1395. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2019.1596944

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu M, Li N, Luo P, Jing W, Wen X, Liang C, Tu J (2018) Peripheral blood leukocyte expression of lncRNA MIAT and its diagnostic and prognostic value in ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 27(2):326–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Ruan J, Zhu M, Yang J, Du S, Xu P, Zhang Z, Wang P et al (2019) Predictive value of long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 in patients with ischemic stroke. Clin Exp Hypertens 41(7):615–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1529774

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Zhang Y (2020) lncRNA ZFAS1 improves neuronal injury and inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by sponging miR-582 and upregulating NOS3 expression in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Inflammation 43(4):1337–1350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01212-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yin Y, Wu RX, He XT, Xu XY, Wang J, Chen FM (2017) Influences of age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells on macrophages during in-vitro culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 8(1):153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-017-0608-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xie L, Shi F, Li Y, Li W, Yu X, Zhao L, Zhou M, Hu J et al (2020) Drp1-dependent remodeling of mitochondrial morphology triggered by EBV-LMP1 increases cisplatin resistance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 5(1):56. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-0151-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liang X, Wang S, Wang L, Ceylan AF, Ren J, Zhang Y (2020) Mitophagy inhibitor liensinine suppresses doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of Drp1-mediated maladaptive mitochondrial fission. Pharmacol Res 157:104846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104846

Shang S, Wang J, Chen S, Tian R, Zeng H, Wang L, Xia M, Zhu H et al (2019) Exosomal miRNA-1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med 8(18):7728–7740. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2633

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Wang H, Zhu Z, Feng J, Chen L (2020) Exosome-shuttled circSHOC2 from IPASs regulates neuronal autophagy and ameliorates ischemic brain injury via the miR-7670-3p/SIRT1 axis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 22:657–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.027

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Wan Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Lang J, Cheng W, Zhu L (2021) FTO demethylates m6A modifications in HOXB13 mRNA and promotes endometrial cancer metastasis by activating the WNT signalling pathway. RNA Biol 18(9):1265–1278. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2020.1841458

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Du YD, Guo WY, Han CH, Wang Y, Chen XS, Li DW, Liu JL, Zhang M et al (2021) N6-methyladenosine demethylase FTO impairs hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Cell Death Dis 12(5):442. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03622-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hokari M, Kuroda S, Shichinohe H, Yano S, Hida K, Iwasaki Y (2008) Bone marrow stromal cells protect and repair damaged neurons through multiple mechanisms. J Neurosci Res 86(5):1024–1035. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21572

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He XY, Chen ZZ, Cai YQ, Xu G, Shang JH, Kou SB, Li M, Zhang HT et al (2011) Expression of cytokines in rat brain with focal cerebral ischemia after grafting with bone marrow stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells. Cytotherapy 13(1):46–53. https://doi.org/10.3109/14653249.2010.510505

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shichinohe H, Ishihara T, Takahashi K, Tanaka Y, Miyamoto M, Yamauchi T, Saito H, Takemoto H et al (2015) Bone marrow stromal cells rescue ischemic brain by trophic effects and phenotypic change toward neural cells. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 29(1):80–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968314525856

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ikegame Y, Yamashita K, Hayashi S, Mizuno H, Tawada M, You F, Yamada K, Tanaka Y et al (2011) Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow for ischemic stroke therapy. Cytotherapy 13(6):675–685. https://doi.org/10.3109/14653249.2010.549122

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiao Y, Geng F, Wang G, Li X, Zhu J, Zhu W (2018) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes prevent oligodendrocyte apoptosis through exosomal miR-134 by targeting caspase-8. J Cell Biochem. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.27519

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Safakheil M, Safakheil H (2020) The effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells in combination with rosuvastatin on functional recovery and neuroprotection in rats after ischemic stroke. J Mol Neurosci 70(5):724–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01483-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zeng Q, Zhou Y, Liang D, He H, Liu X, Zhu R, Zhang M, Luo X et al (2020) Exosomes secreted from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis in PC12 cells by promoting AMPK-dependent autophagic flux. Front Cell Neurosci 14:182. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00182

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central