Williamson, R. C. Torsion of the testis and allied conditions. Br. J. Surg. 63, 465–476 (1976).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sood, A. et al. Treatment patterns, testicular loss and disparities in inpatient surgical management of testicular torsion in boys: a population-based study 1998–2010. BJU Int. 118, 969–979 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rezakhaniha, B. et al. The evaluation of citral effects on experimental unilateral testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Andrologia 54, e14605 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karaguzel, E. et al. Investigation of tyrphostin Ag 556 for testicular torsion-induced ischemia reperfusion injury in rat. J. Pediatr. Urol. 10, 223–229 (2014).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fouad, A. A., Qutub, H. O. & Jresat, I. Dose-dependent protective effect of baicalin against testicular torsion-detorsion in rats. Andrologia 49, e12580 (2017).

Filho, D. W., Torres, M. A., Bordin, A. L., Crezcynski-Pasa, T. B. & Boveris, A. Spermatic cord torsion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol. Asp. Med. 25, 199–210 (2004).

Article  Google Scholar 

Cuzzocrea, S., Riley, D. P., Caputi, A. P. & Salvemini, D. Antioxidant therapy: a new pharmacological approach in shock, inflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharm. Rev. 53, 135–159 (2001).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akçora, B. et al. Gradual detorsion of torsioned rat testis attenuates ischemia reperfusion injury. J. Pediatr. Surg. 43, 1879–1884 (2008).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shokoohi, M. et al. Hesperidin attenuated apoptotic-related genes in testicle of a male rat model of varicocoele. Andrology 8, 249–258 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dolatkhah, M. A. et al. Fumaria parviflora regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis gene expression in the rat model of varicocele induction. Andrologia 52, e13826 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shokoohi, M. et al. Minocycline can reduce testicular apoptosis related to varicocele in male rats. Andrologia 54, e14375 (2022).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Somuncu, S. et al. Protective effects of trapidil in ischemia-reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion and detorsion: an experimental study. Int J. Urol. 13, 601–605 (2006).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Woźniak, B. et al. Lipid peroxidation and activity of some antioxidant enzymes in patients with glioblastoma and astrocytoma. J. Neurooncol. 81, 21–26 (2007).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cay, A. et al. The effects of N-acetylcysteine on antioxidant enzyme activities in experimental testicular torsion. J. Surg. Res. 131, 199–203 (2006).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Turner, T. T., Tung, K. S., Tomomasa, H. & Wilson, L. W. Acute testicular ischemia results in germ cell-specific apoptosis in the rat. Biol. Reprod. 57, 1267–1274 (1997).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lysiak, J. J., Turner, S. D. & Turner, T. T. Molecular pathway of germ cell apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion of the rat testis. Biol. Reprod. 63, 1465–1472 (2000).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ganjiani, V., Ahmadi, N., Divar, M. R., Sharifiyazdi, H. & Meimandi-Parizi, A. Protective effects of crocin on testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Theriogenology 173, 241–248 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jacobsen, F. M. et al. The impact of testicular torsion on testicular function. World J. Mens. Health 38, 298–307 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arap, M. A. et al. Late hormonal levels, semen parameters, and presence of antisperm antibodies in patients treated for testicular torsion. J. Androl. 28, 528–532 (2007).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azizollahi, S. et al. Alteration of spermatogenesis following spermatogonial stem cells transplantation in testicular torsion-detorsion mice. J. Assist Reprod. Genet 33, 771–781 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei, S. M., Yan, Z. Z. & Zhou, J. Role of camp-responsive element modulator-tau (cremtau) in ipsilateral testicular injury after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion. Fertil. Steril. 89, 1737–1742 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matzuk, M. M. & Lamb, D. J. The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges. Nat. Med. 14, 1197–1213 (2008).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang, C. M. et al. Rna-seq expression profiling of rat mcao model following reperfusion orexin-A. Oncotarget 8, 113066–113081 (2017).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu, F. et al. Analysis of differentially expressed long noncoding rna in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Kidney Blood Press Res. 45, 686–701 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abat, D. et al. Beneficial effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 specific inhibitor, on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats. J. Pediatr. Surg. 53, 2261–2265 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnsen, S. G. Testicular biopsy score count-a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testes: normal values and results in 335 hypogonadal males. Hormones 1, 2–25 (1970).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Langmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. Fast gapped-read alignment with bowtie 2. Nat. Methods 9, 357–359 (2012).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ge, S. X., Son, E. W. & Yao, R. Idep: an integrated web application for differential expression and pathway analysis of RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinforma. 19, 534 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ramaswamy, S. et al. The testicular transcriptome associated with spermatogonia differentiation initiated by gonadotrophin stimulation in the juvenile rhesus monkey (Macaca Mulatta). Hum. Reprod. 32, 2088–2100 (2017).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao, Y. et al. Mirnas expression profiling of bovine (Bos Taurus) testes and effect of Bta-Mir-146b on proliferation and apoptosis in bovine male germline stem cells. Int J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3846 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Han, L. et al. Stereological analysis and transcriptome profiling of testicular injury induced by Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate in prepubertal rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 220, 112326 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tichopad, A. et al. Design and optimization of reverse-transcription quantitative Pcr experiments. Clin. Chem. 55, 1816–1823 (2009).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thomas, J. G., Olson, J. M., Tapscott, S. J. & Zhao, L. P. An efficient and robust statistical modeling approach to discover differentially expressed genes using genomic expression profiles. Genome Res. 11, 1227–1236 (2001).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Giles, P. J. & Kipling, D. Normality of oligonucleotide microarray data and implications for parametric statistical analyses. Bioinformatics 19, 2254–2262 (2003).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kanda, Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘Ezr’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transpl. 48, 452–458 (2013).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rifaioglu, M. M. et al. Protective effect of ebselen on experimental testicular torsion and detorsion injury. Andrologia 46, 1134–1140 (2014).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee, J. W. et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J. Pediatr. Surg. 47, 736–742 (2012).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pérez, C. et al. Impaired expression and distribution of adherens and gap junction proteins in the seminiferous tubules of rats undergoing autoimmune orchitis. Int J. Androl. 34, e566–e577 (2011).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson, K. J. Testicular histopathology associated with disruption of the sertoli cell cytoskeleton. Spermatogenesis 4, e979106 (2014).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moffit, J. S., Bryant, B. H., Hall, S. J. & Boekelheide, K. Dose-dependent effects of sertoli cell toxicants 2,5-hexanedione, carbendazim, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in adult rat testis. Toxicol. Pathol. 35, 719–727 (2007).

Article