Université Paris Cité, Centre for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Paris, Pôle de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Médecine Fœtale, Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Olympe de Gouges, CHRU de Tours, and Université de Tours, Tours, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, Paris, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation Médecine Périopératoire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Universitaire Carémeau, Nîmes, and Sorbonne University, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Armand Trousseau Hospital, DMU DREAM, GRC 29, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Corresponding author: Catherine Deneux-Tharaux, MD, PhD, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, EPOPé, INSERM, Maternité Port-Royal, Paris, France; email: [email protected].

The French confidential enquiry into maternal deaths was funded by the National Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France) and the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm). The authors received no funding for this specific analysis.

Financial Disclosures: Marie-Pierre Bonnet disclosed past funding from 3M Laboratory and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest.

*A list of members of the ENCMM Study Group is available in Appendix 1 online at https://links.lww.com/AOG/D125.

The authors thank the obstetricians, midwives, and anesthetists who collected the information for the ENCMM case reviews; the members of the National Expert Committee on Maternal Mortality who assessed the cases; and the National Center for Cause-of-Death Statistics and Epidemiology (CépiDc) for assistance in case identification.

Each author has confirmed compliance with the journal's requirements for authorship.

Peer reviews and author correspondence are available at https://links.lww.com/AOG/D126.