The challenges associated with the supply of medicines to the doorsteps at a remote village include the power supply limitations of the quadcopter, meeting with some obstacles in between, and supplying the essential drugs at the wrong doorstep due to the loss of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals [1, 7, 8]. However, the ibid challenges can be significantly minimized if the drone is self-aware using the deep learning concepts of reinforcement learning of artificial intelligence [9, 10]. Some people might not let quadcopters deliver the medicines as it might erode their jobs. But that is not true, as automation and speed are necessary to improve the overall medical system. The other challenge is to balance the payload capacity and the battery to be used in drones [11]. The higher payload in quadcopter means lesser battery life and vice versa. In addition, the number of sensors required for specific kinds of delivery also needs to be well estimated. Generally, LiPO batteries are used in such cases with the voltage reading labeled at the top [12, 13]. Other challenges are covered in the “Health workforce,” “Financing,” “Logistics,” and “Leadership and governance” sections. Many times, the unacceptable organism may be supplied, which includes bacteria, viruses, prions, and parasites, which has irreparable consequences. The storage of blood and safe supply is a great challenge. The entire health system machinery needs to be deployed in such a manner that the blood stays in a refrigerated condition. Quality control services need to be developed so that the blood reaches to the correct patient in the required time frame.

The job profiles of the health force will be changed once quadcopters are used in abundance to supply medicines. The health professionals, as per their technical aptitude, must be adequately trained on flying or landing a quadcopter, dropping a packet to the needed ones. The process of training and authorizing health professionals to fly a quadcopter will take proper methodologies that need to be formulated [14]. A good operating model for using quadcopters for the supply of medicines is, therefore, the need of the hour. Identifying a specific home or location to deliver the medicine package requires a good knowledge of images and coordinates (location), and the concept of contextual awareness will also come into play. It will attain a more significant role in times to come.

A cost-effective, innovative model must be planned to decide the cost of dropping the medical supplies through quadcopter. In the present scenario, the cost is directly proportional to the payload taken by the quadcopter beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) conditions, weather conditions, battery conditions, distance covered, etc. There is a tendency for the cost to become unreasonably high as, maximum times, the companies providing such facilities increase the cost in leaps and bounds once they find that the patient is in dire need. Such practices need to be curbed, and optimum cost needs to be homed on depending upon parameters that are acceptable to the ordinary public of the region.

Logistics information systems will be changed in entirety once quadcopters become part of the supply chain for supplying life-saving medicines [15]. A new warehousing system needs to be developed, which will take care of the new variables emerging out of the new system of transporting. New routing algorithms need to be developed, which will help drop the medical with more accuracy [16]. The blood samples collected from a patient must be identified correctly with the correct blood group so that the same blood sample is supplied. Supervising and assessment systems must also be changed to ensure proper and adequate integration of all the components. The performance of the supply chain system will change with the introduction of this new mode of transport using quadcopters/drones.

New regulations must be employed at a regional and national level to push this medical supply methodology through quadcopters. Air authorities must play an instrumental role in implementing such methodologies at the regional level to ensure safe operations [1]. As quadcopter technology has progressed, there is a challenge to meet the users’ requirements by the stakeholders. In India, the practice of using quadcopters for supplying medicines involves civil companies (who will develop such quadcopters), health organizations for implementing the technology on the ground, and at regional/national level authorities/leaders that will make regulations for prolific usage of the ibid methodology of supplying the medical supplies through quadcopters.