The prevalence of burnout syndrome in nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Burnout, as defined by Maslach and Jackson (1981), is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment among employees. Nursing is a highly stressful profession, according to research (Sermeus et al., 2011), and nursing students are particularly vulnerable to infections in healthcare institutions due to their daily exposure to stressful conditions and close emotional relationships with patients (Arian et al., 2018). Additionally, nursing students are affected by the national economic condition as part of the community, leading to emotional stress and physical exhaustion (Circenis, 2012; Deklava, 2014). These conditions can result in feelings of burnout and ineffectiveness, ultimately leading to academic burnout among medical science students (Ghods et al., 2022). Evidence suggests that burnout syndrome can cause increased dropouts (Tomaschewski-Barlem et al., 2014), decreased academic achievement, and lower quality of nursing care (da Silva et al., 2014).

Extensive research on the socio-demographic variables of burnout has yielded conflicting results. While some studies have found that burnout is more severe at younger ages (Gosseries et al., 2012), others have reported a positive correlation between age and burnout (Alacacioglu et al., 2009; Iglesias et al., 2010). In Austria, lower burnout scores were reported among nursing students in rural areas compared to urban areas (Hausmann, 2009). A systematic review identified the negative effects of burnout on the health and education of university students and recommended nursing interventions for mitigating burnout (Wei et al., 2021).

Given the role of burnout in nursing education and its impact on motivation and quality of care in nursing students, as well as the inconsistencies in the prevalence and effective factors of academic burnout reported in the literature, this meta-analysis aims to explore the prevalence of burnout syndrome among nursing students.

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