Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Integrated genomic characterization of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell. 2014;159:676–90.

Article  Google Scholar 

Costa V, Esposito R, Ziviello C, Sepe R, Bim LV, Cacciola NA, et al. New somatic mutations and WNK1-B4GALNT3 gene fusion in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6:11242–51.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kroemer G, Pouyssegur J. Tumor cell metabolism: cancer’s Achilles’ heel. Cancer Cell. 2008;13:472–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pavlova NN, Thompson CB. The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism. Cell Metab. 2016;23:27–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fendt SM, Frezza C, Erez A. Targeting metabolic plasticity and flexibility dynamics for cancer therapy. Cancer Discov. 2020;10:1797–807.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xia L, Oyang L, Lin J, Tan S, Han Y, Wu N, et al. The cancer metabolic reprogramming and immune response. Mol Cancer. 2021;20:28.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Warburg O, Wind F, Negelein E. The metabolism of tumors in the body. J Gen Physiol. 1927;8:519–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haq R, Shoag J, Andreu-Perez P, Yokoyama S, Edelman H, Rowe GC, et al. Oncogenic BRAF regulates oxidative metabolism via PGC1α and MITF. Cancer Cell. 2013;23:302–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Parmenter TJ, Kleinschmidt M, Kinross KM, Bond ST, Li J, Kaadige MR, et al. Response of BRAF-mutant melanoma to BRAF inhibition is mediated by a network of transcriptional regulators of glycolysis. Cancer Discov. 2014;4:423–33. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0440.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brummer C, Faerber S, Bruss C, Blank C, Lacroix R, Haferkamp S, et al. Metabolic targeting synergizes with MAPK inhibition and delays drug resistance in melanoma. Cancer Lett. 2019;442:453–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Som P, Atkins HL, Bandoypadhyay D, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Matsui K, et al. A fluorinated glucose analog, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18): nontoxic tracer for rapid tumor detection. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:670–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yun J, Rago C, Cheong I, Pagliarini R, Angenendt P, Rajagopalan H, et al. Glucose deprivation contributes to the development of KRAS pathway mutations in tumor cells. Science. 2009;325:1555–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee MH, Lee SE, Kim DW, Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Kim SJ, et al. Mitochondrial localization and regulation of BRAFV600E in thyroid cancer: a clinically used RAF inhibitor is unable to block the mitochondrial activities of BRAFV600E. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E19–E30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cesi G, Walbrecq G, Zimmer A, Kreis S, Haan C. ROS production induced by BRAF inhibitor treatment rewires metabolic processes affecting cell growth of melanoma cells. Mol Cancer. 2017;16:102.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bollag G, Hirth P, Tsai J, Zhang J, Ibrahim PN, Cho H, et al. Clinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor needs broad target blockade in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Nature. 2010;467:596–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Søndergaard JN, Nazarian R, Wang Q, Guo D, Hsueh T, Mok S, et al. A. Differential sensitivity of melanoma cell lines with BRAFV600E mutation to the specific Raf inhibitor PLX4032. J Transl Med. 2010;8:39.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baudy AR, Dogan T, Flores-Mercado JE, Hoeflich KP, Su F, van Bruggen N, et al. FDG-PET is a good biomarker of both early response and acquired resistance in BRAFV600 mutant melanomas treated with vemurafenib and the MEK inhibitor GDC-0973. EJNMMI Res. 2012;2:22.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McArthur GA, Puzanov I, Amaravadi R, Ribas A, Chapman P, Kim KB, et al. Marked, homogeneous, and early [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography responses to vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1628–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carlino MS, Saunders CA, Haydu LE, Menzies AM, Martin Curtis C Jr, Lebowitz PF, et al. [18]F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) heterogeneity of response is prognostic in dabrafenib treated BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49:395–402.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chai YJ, Yi JW, Oh SW, Kim YA, Yi KH, Kim JH, et al. Upregulation of SLC2 (GLUT) family genes is related to poor survival outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma: analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Surgery. 2017;161:188–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma B, Jiang H, Wen D, Hu J, Han L, Liu W, et al. Transcriptome analyses identify a metabolic gene signature indicative of dedifferentiation of papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:3713–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suh HY, Choi H, Paeng JC, Cheon GJ, Chung JK, Kang KW. Comprehensive gene expression analysis for exploring the association between glucose metabolism and differentiation of thyroid cancer. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:1260.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu M, Sun T, Wen S, Zhang T, Wang X, Cao Y, et al. Characteristics of lipid metabolism-related gene expression-based molecular subtype in papillary thyroid cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2020;52:1166–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ban EJ, Kim D, Kim JK, Kang SW, Lee J, Jeong JJ, et al. Lactate dehydrogenase a as a potential new biomarker for thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36:96–105.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hou X, Shi X, Zhang W, Li D, Hu L, Yang J, et al. LDHA induces EMT gene transcription and regulates autophagy to promote the metastasis and tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12:347.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu F, Xu H, Li Z, Huang Y, Huang X, Li Y, et al. Glycolysis-based genes are potential biomarkers in thyroid cancer. Front Oncol. 2021;11:534838.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wen S, Luo Y, Wu W, Zhang T, Yang Y, Ji Q, et al. Identification of lipid metabolism-related genes as prognostic indicators in papillary thyroid cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2021;53:1579–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fedorenko IV, Paraiso KH, Smalley KS. Acquired and intrinsic BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. Biochem Pharm. 2011;82:201–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanchez JN, Wang T, Cohen MS. BRAF and MEK inhibitors: use and resistance in BRAF-mutated cancers. Drugs. 2018;78:549–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi H, Moriceau G, Kong X, Lee MK, Lee H, Koya RC, et al. Melanoma whole-exome sequencing identifies (V600E)B-RAF amplification-mediated acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance. Nat Commun. 2012;3:724.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gottfried E, Lang SA, Renner K, Bosserhoff A, Gronwald W, Rehli M, et al. New aspects of an old drug-diclofenac targets MYC and glucose metabolism in tumor cells. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e66987.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Federico A, Rienzo M, Abbondanza C, Costa V, Ciccodicola A, Casamassimi A. Pan-cancer mutational and transcriptional analysis of the integrator complex. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:936.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:139–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang HB, Fan J, Lin R, Elf S, Ji Q, Zhao L, et al. Metabolic rewiring by oncogenic BRAF V600E links ketogenesis pathway to BRAF-MEK1 signaling. Mol Cell. 2015;59:345–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y, He QY. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16:284–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar