The impact of a role-play patient simulation on nursing students as measured by the comprehensive state empathy scale

Nursing is both an art and a science (Vega & Hayes, 2019). The art of nursing refers to the care, compassion, communication, understanding, and empathy given to patients (Vega & Hayes, 2019). These aspects of the art of nursing contribute to patient safety and improved patient outcomes (Wood, 2019). The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) document, The Essentials: Core Competencies for Professional Nursing Education (2021) enumerates the standards by which professional nursing education programs are measured and deemed adequate in preparing practice ready nurses. The AACN standards require nurse graduates to be competent in both the science and art of nursing (AACN, 2021). Domain 2 of the Essentials focuses on person-centered care that requires compassion, caring, empathy, and respect for patients and clients under the nurse's care (AACN, 2021). Nursing education programs must find the means to prepare practice ready graduates that demonstrate competence in both the art of nursing, including providing empathic care as an essential element of person-centered care.

Nursing education programs take various approaches to teaching the art of nursing to students. One effective means is simulations that allow the students to practice nursing assessment and implementation of interventions in a safe environment that enable the student to learn the impact of their decision-making and related patient outcomes. Simulations utilize high and low-fidelity manikins that substitute for a patient needing care, but other means of simulation include the use of standardized patients and role-play simulation. Role-play simulation places the student in the role of the patient and allows the student to experience the patient's condition and learn what it is like to have the problems and conditions experienced by the patient. Role-play simulations are used to increase the student's understanding of how the patient's condition impacts their life and can increase the student's empathy for patients with those conditions.

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