Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention

Blair, M. Diabetes mellitus review. Urol. Nurs. 36, 27–36 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 43, S14–S31 (2020).

Article  Google Scholar 

International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 10thEdition https://diabetesatlas.org/data/en/ (2021).

Carracher, A. M., Marathe, P. H. & Close, K. L. International diabetes federation 2017. J. Diabetes 10, 353–356 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gregg, E. W., Sattar, N. & Ali, M. K. The changing face of diabetes complications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 4, 537–547 (2016).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kalofoutis, C. et al. Type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors: current therapeutic approaches. Exp. Clin. Cardiol. 12, 17–28 (2007).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chawla, A., Chawla, R. & Jaggi, S. Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: distinct or continuum? Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 2, 546–551 (2016).

Article  Google Scholar 

Malik, S. et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 110, 1245–1250 (2004).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah, A. D. et al. Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1.9 million people. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 3, 105–113 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 375, 2215 (2010).

Article  Google Scholar 

Coles, B. et al. Cardiovascular events and mortality in people with and without type 2 diabetes: An observational study in a contemporary multi-ethnic population. J. Diabetes Investig. 12, 1175–1182 (2021).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kannel, W. B. & McGee, D. L. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 241, 2035–2038 (1979).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yusuf, S. et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 364, 937–952 (2004).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Jong, M., Woodward, M. & Peters, S. A. E. Diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank. Diabetes Care 43, 2050–2059 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu, L., Simon, B., Shi, J., Mallhi, A. K. & Eisen, H. J. Impact of diabetes mellitus on risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: evidence on health outcomes and antidiabetic treatment in United States adults. World J. Diabetes 7, 449–461 (2016).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malmborg, M. et al. Does type 2 diabetes confer higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men? Eur. Heart J. 41, 1346–1353 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suh, D. C., Choi, I. S., Plauschinat, C., Kwon, J. & Baron, M. Impact of comorbid conditions and race/ethnicity on glycemic control among the US population with type 2 diabetes, 1988–1994 to 1999–2004. J. Diabetes Complicat. 24, 382–391 (2010).

Article  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (2021).

Bhupathiraju, S. N. & Hu, F. B. Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications. Circ. Res. 118, 1723–1735 (2016).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taylor, R., Al-Mrabeh, A. & Sattar, N. Understanding the mechanisms of reversal of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 7, 726–736 (2019).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Després, J. P. et al. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28, 1039–1049 (2008).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang, L. H., Liao, Y. L. & Hsu, C. H. Waist circumference is a better predictor than body mass index of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract. 6, e263–e346 (2012).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hajian-Tilaki, K. & Heidari, B. Is waist circumference a better predictor of diabetes than body mass index or waist-to-height ratio in Iranian adults? Int. J. Prev. Med. 6, 5 (2015).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peters, S. A. E., Bots, S. H. & Woodward, M. Sex differences in the association between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of myocardial infarction: results from the UK biobank. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 7, e008507 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martín-Timón, I., Sevillano-Collantes, C., Segura-Galindo, A. & Del Cañizo-Gómez, F. J. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: have all risk factors the same strength? World J. Diabetes 5, 444–470 (2014).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sone, H. et al. Serum level of triglycerides is a potent risk factor comparable to LDL cholesterol for coronary heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: subanalysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3448–3456 (2011).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fan, W., Philip, S., Granowitz, C., Toth, P. P. & Wong, N. D. Residual hypertriglyceridemia and estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk by statin use in US adults with diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014. Diabetes Care 42, 2307–2314 (2019).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katakami, N. Mechanism of development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 25, 27–39 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rizvi, A. A. Addressing hypertension in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis, goals, and therapeutic approach. Eur. Med. J. Diabetes 5, 84–92 (2017).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song, Y. et al. Increasing trend of diabetes combined with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia: NHANES data analysis 1999–2012. Sci. Rep. 6, 36093 (2016).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Long, A. N. & Dagogo-Jack, S. Comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension: mechanisms and approach to target organ protection. J. Clin. Hypertens. 13, 244–251 (2011).

Article  Google Scholar 

Li, M. et al. Individual and combined associations of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic health status with new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events: the China cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C) study. Diabetes Care 43, 1929–1936 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang, Y. et al. Combined lifestyle factors and risk of incident type 2 diabetes and prognosis among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia 63, 21–33 (2020).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patterson, R. et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 33, 811–829 (2018).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schwab, U., Reynolds, A. N., Sallinen, T., Rivellese, A. A. & Riserus, U. Dietary fat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Nutr. 60, 3355–3363 (2021).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hirahatake, K. M. et al. Diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the women’s health initiative. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 8, e013249 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hirahatake, K. M. et al. Cumulative intake of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 110, 733–741 (2019).

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Micha, R. et al. Association between dietary factors and mortality from heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes in the United States. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 317, 912–924 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Han, T. S. & Lean, M. E. A clinical perspective of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. JRSM Cardiovasc. Dis. 5, 2048004016633371 (2016).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Welsh, C. et al. Glycated hemoglobin, prediabetes, and the links to cardiovascular disease: data from UK biobank. Diabetes Care 43, 440–445 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah, S. et al. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure. Nat. Commun. 11, 163 (2020).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif