aCenter for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

bDepartment of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

cCenter for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

dDepartment of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

eDepartment of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States

*Corresponding author. Address: Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States. Tel.: 617-732-8852. E-mail address: [email protected] (R.-R. Ji).

Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.

K. Furutani and O. Chen contributed equally to this study.