*Laboratory of Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Keio Frontier Research and Education Collaboration Square (K-FRECS) at Tonomachi, Keio University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan;

†Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;

‡Sonnen Apotheke, Borkener Straße Dorsten, Germany; and

§Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.

Correspondence: Yusuke Tanigawara, PhD, Laboratory of Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacoogy, Keio Frontier Research and Education Collaboration Square (K-FRECS) at Tonomachi, Keio University, Research Gate Building TONOMACHI 2-A, 3-25-10 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]).

H. Kasai and Y. Tanigawara contributed to the conception and design of this study; H. Kasai, K. L. Poppenberg, and V. Fermanelli performed data and statistical analyses; H. Kasai, Y. Otani, and Y. Tanigawara drafted the manuscript; Y. Tanigawara critically reviewed the manuscript and supervised the research. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

We acknowledge scholarship from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT), and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF).

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