Matsushima GK, Morell P (2001) The neurotoxicant, cuprizone, as a model to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. Brain Pathol 11:107–116

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kipp M, Clarner T, Dang J, Copray S, Beyer C (2009) The cuprizone animal model: new insights into an old story. Acta Neuropathol 118:723–736

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhan J, Mann T, Joost S, Behrangi N, Frank M, Kipp M (2020) The cuprizone model: dos and do nots. Cells 9:843

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu C, Zhang N, Zhang R, Jin L, Petridis AK, Loers G, Zheng X, Wang Z, Siebert H-C (2020) Cuprizone-induced demyelination in mouse hippocampus is alleviated by ketogenic diet. J Agric Food Chem 68:11215–11228

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xuan Y, Yan G, Wu R, Huang Q, Li X, Xu H (2015) The cuprizone-induced changes in (1)H-MRS metabolites and oxidative parameters in C57BL/6 mouse brain: effects of quetiapine. Neurochem Int 90:185–192

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khalilian B, Madadi S, Fattahi N, Abouhamzeh B (2021) Coenzyme Q10 enhances remyelination and regulate inflammation effects of cuprizone in corpus callosum of chronic model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Histol 52:125–134

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Xu H, Jiang W, Xiao L, Yan B, He J, Wang Y, Bi X, Li X, Kong J, Li XM (2008) Quetiapine alleviates the cuprizone-induced white matter pathology in the brain of C57BL/6 mouse. Schizophr Res 106:182–191

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biancotti JC, Kumar S, de Vellis J (2008) Activation of inflammatory response by a combination of growth factors in cuprizone-induced demyelinated brain leads to myelin repair. Neurochem Res 33:2615–2628

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu D, Klann E, Thiels E (2007) Superoxide dismutase and hippocampal function: age and isozyme matter. Antioxid Redox Signal 9:201–210

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang TT, Zou Y, Corniola R (2012) Oxidative stress and adult neurogenesis–effects of radiation and superoxide dismutase deficiency. Semin Cell Dev Biol 23:738–744

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park JH, Lee T-K, Yan B-C, Shin B-N, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Lee J-C, Hwang IK, Kim JD, Hong S, Lee YJ, Won M-H, Kang IJ (2017) Pretreated Glehnia littoralis extract prevents neuronal death following transient global cerebral ischemia through increases of superoxide dismutase 1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expressions in the gerbil hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 area. Chin Med J (Engl) 130:1796–1803

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kondo T, Reaume AG, Huang T-T, Carlson E, Murakami K, Chen SF, Hoffman EK, Scott RW, Epstein CJ, Chan PH (1997) Reduction of CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity exacerbates neuronal cell injury and edema formation after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 17:4180–4189

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mikawa S, Kinouchi H, Kamii H, Gobbel GT, Chen SF, Carlson E, Epstein CJ, Chan PH (1996) Attenuation of acute and chronic damage following traumatic brain injury in copper, zinc—superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. J Neurosurg 85:885–891

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho JH, Hwang IK, Yoo KY, Kim SY, Kim DW, Kwon YG, Choi SY, Won MH (2008) Effective delivery of Pep-1-cargo protein into ischemic neurons and long-term neuroprotection of Pep-1-SOD1 against ischemic injury in the gerbil hippocampus. Neurochem Int 52:659–668

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim W, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Chung JY, Hwang IK, Won MH, Choi SY, Jeon SW, Jeong JH, Hwang HS, Moon SM (2012) Neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-Cu, Zn-SOD against ischemic neuronal damage in the rabbit spinal cord. Neurochem Res 37:307–313

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ljutakova SG, Russanov EM (1985) Differences in the in vivo effects of cuprizone on superoxide dismutase activity in rat liver cytosol and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Acta physiol pharmacol Bulg 11:56–61

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pourmohammadi S, Roghani M, Kiasalari Z, Khalili M (2022) Paeonol ameliorates cuprizone-induced hippocampal demyelination and cognitive deficits through inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory events. J Mol Neurosci 72:748–758

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoo DY, Kim DW, Chung JY, Jung HY, Kim JW, Yoon YS, Hwang IK, Choi JH, Choi GM, Choi SY, Moon SM (2016) Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase increases the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by maintaining antioxidant enzyme levels. Neurochem Res 41:3300–3307

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoo DY, Shin BN, Kim IH, Kim W, Kim DW, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Won MH, Hwang IK (2012) Effects of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus. Neurochem Res 37:261–267

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim W, Hahn KR, Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Kim JW, Park JH, Yoo DY, Kim DW, Won MH, Yoon YS, Hwang IK (2019) Melatonin ameliorates cuprizone-induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus. Brain and Behav 9:e01388

Article  Google Scholar 

Hahn KR, Kim W, Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Yoon YS (2022) Comparison of the effects of cuprizone on demyelination in the corpus callosum and hippocampal progenitors in young adult and aged mice. Neurochem Res 47:1073–1082

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi JH, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Jeong HJ, Kim W, Jung HY, Nam SM, Kim JH, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Hwang IK (2013) Repeated administration of PEP-1-Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase and PEP-1-peroxiredoxin-2 to senescent mice induced by D-galactose improves the hippocampal functions. Neurochem Res 38:2046–2055

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jung HY, Kim W, Hahn KR, Kwon HJ, Nam SM, Chung JY, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Yoo DY, Hwang IK (2020) Effects of pyridoxine deficiency on hippocampal function and its possible association with V-type proton ATPase subunit B2 and heat shock cognate protein 70. Cells 9:1067

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yi SS, Hwang IK, Kim DW, Shin JH, Nam SM, Choi JH, Lee CH, Won MH, Seong JK, Yoon YS (2011) The chronological characteristics of SOD1 activity and inflammatory response in the hippocampi of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Neurochem Res 36:117–128

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jung HY, Kwon HJ, Kim W, Nam SM, Kim JW, Hahn KR, Yoo DY, Won M-H, Yoon YS, Kim DW, Hwang IK (2019) Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 promotes cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus by facilitating the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein. Neurochem Res 44:323–332

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paxinos G, Franklin KBJ (2001) The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Academic Press, San Diego

Google Scholar 

Ortega-Martínez S (2015) A new perspective on the role of the CREB family of transcription factors in memory consolidation via adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 8:46

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Henriques ST, Castanho MA, Pattenden LK, Aguilar MI (2010) Fast membrane association is a crucial factor in the peptide pep-1 translocation mechanism: a kinetic study followed by surface plasmon resonance. Biopolymers 94:314–322

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aggarwal S, Yurlova L, Simons M (2011) Central nervous system myelin: structure, synthesis and assembly. Trends Cell Biol 21:585–593

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein B, Mrowetz H, Barker CM, Lange S, Rivera FJ, Aigner L (2018) Age influences microglial activation after cuprizone-induced demyelination. Front Aging Neurosci 10:278

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Norkute A, Hieble A, Braun A, Johann S, Clarner T, Baumgartner W, Beyer C, Kipp M (2009) Cuprizone treatment induces demyelination and astrocytosis in the mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 87:1343–1355

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tagge I, O’Connor A, Chaudhary P, Pollaro J, Berlow Y, Chalupsky M, Bourdette D, Woltjer R, Johnson M, Rooney W (2016) Spatio-temporal patterns of demyelination and remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model. PLoS ONE 11:e0152480

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ohgomori T, Jinno S (2019) Cuprizone-induced demyelination in the mouse hippocampus is alleviated by phytoestrogen genistein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 363:98–110

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nack A, Brendel M, Nedelcu J, Daerr M, Nyamoya S, Beyer C, Focke C, Deussing M, Hoornaert C, Ponsaerts P, Schmitz C, Bartenstein P, Rominger A, Kipp M (2019) Expression of translocator protein and [18F]-GE180 ligand uptake in multiple sclerosis animal models. Cells 8:94

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koutsoudaki PN, Skripuletz T, Gudi V, Moharregh-K