Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: global trends, etiology and risk factors. World J Oncol. 2019;10(1):10–27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ducreux M, Cuhna AS, Caramella C, et al. Cancer of the pancreas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol. 2015;26(Suppl 5):v56-68.

Article  Google Scholar 

de Ridder J, de Wilt JH, Simmer F, Overbeek L, Lemmens V, Nagtegaal I. Incidence and origin of histologically confirmed liver metastases: an explorative case-study of 23,154 patients. Oncotarget. 2016;7(34):55368–76.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hess KR, Varadhachary GR, Taylor SH, et al. Metastatic patterns in adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2006;106(7):1624–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ouyang H, Wang P, Meng Z, et al. Multimodality treatment of pancreatic cancer with liver metastases using chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or Chinese herbal medicine. Pancreas. 2011;40(1):120–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1817–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsilimigras DI, Brodt P, Clavien PA, et al. Liver metastases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):27.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi HJ, Jin C, Fu DL. Preoperative evaluation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with synchronous liver metastasis: Diagnosis and assessment of unresectability. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(45):10024–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamamoto Y, Ikoma H, Morimura R, Konishi H, Murayama Y, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Kuriu Y, Kubota T, Nakanishi M, Ichikawa D, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Sakakura C, Ochiai T, Otsuji E. Optimal duration of the early and late recurrence of pancreatic cancer after pancreatectomy based on the difference in the prognosis. Pancreatology. 2014;14(6):524–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2014.09.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Groot VP, Gemenetzis G, Blair AB, et al. Defining and predicting early recurrence in 957 patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2019;269(6):1154–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambin P, Rios-Velazquez E, Leijenaar R, Carvalho S, van Ruud G, Stiphout PG, Zegers CML, Gillies R, Boellard R, Dekker A, Aerts HJWL. Radiomics: extracting more information from medical images using advanced feature analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(4):441–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.036.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waddell N, Pajic M, Patch AM, et al. Whole genomes redefine the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2015;518(7540):495–501.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khorrami M, Prasanna P, Gupta A, et al. Changes in CT radiomic features associated with lymphocyte distribution predict overall survival and response to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2020;8(1):108–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dasgupta A, Gupta T, Pungavkar S, et al. Nomograms based on preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of molecular subgrouping in medulloblastoma: results from a radiogenomics study of 111 patients. Neuro Oncol. 2019;21(1):115–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li M, Zhu YZ, Zhang YC, Yue YF, Yu HP, Song B. Radiomics of rectal cancer for predicting distant metastasis and overall survival. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26(33):5008–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu H, Arshad M, Thornton A, et al. A mathematical-descriptor of tumor-mesoscopic-structure from computed-tomography images annotates prognostic- and molecular-phenotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):764.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu M, Ma X, Shen F, Xia Y, Jia Y, Lu J. MRI-based radiomics nomogram to predict synchronous liver metastasis in primary rectal cancer patients. Cancer Med. 2020;9(14):5155–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Zhang C, Wang L, et al. MRI radiomics analysis for predicting preoperative synchronous distant metastasis in patients with rectal cancer. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(8):4418–26.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang G, Wang B, Wang Z, et al. Radiomics signature of brain metastasis: prediction of EGFR mutation status. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(7):4538–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang TY, Li X, Zhang Q, et al. Development of a novel multiparametric MRI radiomic nomogram for preoperative evaluation of early recurrence in resectable pancreatic cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;52(1):231–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fang WH, Li XD, Zhu H, et al. Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: association between preoperative CT texture features and metastatic nodal involvement. Cancer Imaging. 2020;20(1):17.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao J, Huang X, Meng H, et al. Performance of multiparametric functional imaging and texture analysis in predicting synchronous metastatic disease in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients by hybrid PET/MR: initial experience. Front Oncol. 2020;10:198.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Elyada E, Bolisetty M, Laise P, et al. Cross-species single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Discov. 2019;9(8):1102–23.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamada M, Hirabayashi K, Kawanishi A, et al. Nectin-1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts is a predictor of poor prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Surg Today. 2018;48(5):510–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Liang Y, Xu H, et al. Single-cell analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifies a novel fibroblast subtype associated with poor prognosis but better immunotherapy response. Cell Discov. 2021;7(1):36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi M, Yu DH, Chen Y, et al. Expression of fibroblast activation protein in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(8):840–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park HJ, Park B, Lee SS. Radiomics and deep learning: hepatic applications. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(4):387–401.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, Compton CC, Gershenwald JE, Brookland RK, Meyer L, Gress DM, Byrd DR, Winchester DP. The eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more “personalized” approach to cancer staging: the eighth edition AJCC cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(2):93–9. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21388.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, et al. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):1116–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Griethuysen JJM, Fedorov A, Parmar C, et al. Computational radiomics system to decode the radiographic phenotype. Can Res. 2017;77(21):e104–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vidić I, Egnell L, Jerome NP, et al. Support vector machine for breast cancer classification using diffusion-weighted MRI histogram features: preliminary study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018;47(5):1205–16.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takumi K, Fukukura Y, Higashi M, et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: correlation between the contrast-enhanced computed tomography features and the pathological tumor grade. Eur J Radiol. 2015;84(8):1436–43.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sandrasegaran K, Lin Y, Asare-Sawiri M, Taiyini T, Tann M. CT texture analysis of pancreatic cancer. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(3):1067–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu Y, Tan Y, Xie C, et al. Development and validation of a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging radiomics-based signature to predict axillary lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival in patients with early-stage breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(12):e2028086.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khalvati F, Zhang Y, Baig S, et al. Prognostic value of CT radiomic features in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5449.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Choi MH, Lee YJ, Yoon SB, Choi JI, Jung SE, Rha SE. MRI of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: texture analysis of T2-weighted images for predicting long-term outcome. Abdom Radiol. 2019;44(1):122–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kovač JD, Mayer P, Hacker