We thank Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.

This work was supported in part by AMED (grant numbers JP20fk0108129, JP21fk0108129h0702, and JP21lm0203007), a GSK Research grant (grant number A-32), the Japan Intractable Diseases (Nanbyo) Research Foundation (grant number 2020B02), JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers JP21K16118 and JP21K08194), the Smoking Research Foundation (2021Y007), the Takeda Science Foundation, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, the MSD Life Science Foundation, the Japanese Respiratory Society Boehringer Ingelheim Research Grant Program, the Foundation of Kinoshita Memorial Enterprise, the Senri Life Science Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation.