World Health Organization the World Health Report 2002: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO; Geneva: 2002.
National center for health statistics health, United States, 2009: with special feature on medical technology. NCHS; Hyattsville, MD: 2010.
Schoenborn CA, Heyman KM. Health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over: United States, 2004–2007. Natl Health Stat Report issue. 2009;16:1–31.
Terry DF, Pencina MJ, Vasan RS, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors predictive for survival and morbidity-free survival in the oldest-old Framingham heart study participants. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1944–50.
Suter PM, Sierro C, Vetter W. Nutritional factors in the control of blood pressure and hypertension. Nutr Clin Care. 2002;5:9–19.
Berkow SE, Barnard ND. Blood pressure regulation and vegetarian diets. Nutr Rev. 2005;63:1–8.
Nowson CA, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Pachett A. Low-sodium dietary approaches to stop hypertension-type diet including lean red meat lowers blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res. 2009;29:8–18.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hodgson JM, Burke V, Beilin LJ, et al. Partial substitution of carbohydrate intake with protein intake from lean red meat lowers blood pressure in hypertensive persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:780–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sacks FM, Donner A, Castelli WP, et al. Effect of ingestion of meat on plasma cholesterol of vegetarians. JAMA. 1981;246:640–4.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Iacono JM, Judd JT, Marshall MW, et al. The role of dietary essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in reducing blood pressure. Prog Lipid Res. 1981;20:349–64.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Iacono JM, Puska P, Dougherty RM, et al. Effect of dietary fat on blood pressure in a rural finnish population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983;38:860–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, et al. Dietary fats and blood pressure. Aust N Z J Med. 1984;14:444–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, et al. Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: effects of fat and fiber. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:801–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Puska P, Iacono JM, Nissinen A, et al. Dietary fat and blood pressure: an intervention study on the effects of a low-fat diet with two levels of polyunsaturated fat. Prev Med. 1985;14:573–84.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sacks FM, Marais GE, Handysides G, et al. Lack of an effect of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol on blood pressure in normotensives. Hypertension. 1984;6:193–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Streppel MT, Arends LR, van’t Veer P, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM. Dietary fiber and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Archiv Int Med 2005;165(2): 150-6.
Whelton SP, Hyre AD, Pedersen B, et al. Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. J Hypertens. 2005;23:475–81.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Mahoney DP, et al. Vegetarian diet and blood pressure. Lancet. 1983;2:742–3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sciarrone SE, Strahan MT, Beilin LJ, et al. Biochemical and neurohormonal responses to the introduction of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. J Hypertens. 1993;11:849–60.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R, et al. Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J Clin Res Ed1986; 293:1468–1471.
Rouse IL, Armstrong BK, Beilin LJ. The relationship of blood pressure to diet and lifestyle in two religious’ populations. J Hypertens. 1983;1:65–71.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Armstrong B, Clarke H, Martin C, et al. Urinary sodium and blood pressure in vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979;32:2472–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ophir O, Peer G, Gilad J, et al. Low blood pressure in vegetarians: the possible role of potassium. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983;37:755–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Burr ML, Bates CJ, Fehily AM, et al. Plasma cholesterol and blood pressure in vegetarians. J Hum Nutr. 1981;35:437–41.
Melby CL, Goldflies DG, Toohey ML. Blood pressure differences in older black and white long-term vegetarians and nonvegetarians. J Am Coll Nutr. 1993;12:262–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Melby CL, Toohey ML, Cebrick J. Blood pressure and blood lipids among vegetarian, semivegetarian, and nonvegetarian African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:103–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC–Oxford. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5:645–54.
Butler TL, Fraser GE, Beeson WL, et al. Cohort profile: the adventist health study-2 (AHS-2). Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:260–5.
Chan J, Knutsen SF, Sabate J, et al. Feasibility of running clinics to collect biological specimens in a nationwide cohort study – adventist health study-2. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:454–7.
O’Brien E, Mee F, Atkins N, et al. Evaluation of three devices for self-measurement of blood pressure according to the revised british hypertension society protocol: the omron HEM-705CP, Philips HP5332, and Nissei DS-175. Blood Press Monit. 1996;1:55–61.
Jaceldo-Siegl K, Knutsen SF, Sabate J, et al. Validation of nutrient intake using an FFQ and repeated 24 h recalls in black and subjects of the adventist health study-2 (AHS-2). Public Health Nutr. 2010;13:812–9.
Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Sabate J, et al. Race-specific validation of food intake obtained from a comprehensive FFQ: the adventist health study-2. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14:1988–97.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fraser G, Yan R. Guided multiple imputation of missing data: using a subsample to strengthen the missing-at-random assumption. Epidemiology. 2007;18:246–52.
R DCT. R: A language and environment for statistical computing, Version 2.11.1 (2010–05–31) R foundation for statistical computing; Vienna: 2010.
Sallis JF, Haskell WL, Wood PD, et al. Physical activity assessment methodology in the five-city project. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:91–106.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tonstad S, Butler T, Yan R, et al. Type of vegetarian diet, body weight, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:791–6.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Haddad EH, Tanzman JS. What do vegetarians in the United States eat? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(3 Suppl.):626S-632S.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Larsson CL, Johansson GK. Dietary intake and nutritional status of young vegans and omnivores in Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:100–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Janelle KC, Barr SI. Nutrient intakes and eating behavior scores of vegetarians and nonvegetarian women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995;95:180–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ruidavets JB, Bongard V, Simon C, et al. independent contribution of dairy products and calcium intake to blood pressure variations at a population level. J Hypertens. 2006;24:671–81.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McCarron DA, Reusser ME. Finding consensus in the dietary calcium–blood pressure debate. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;18(5 Suppl.):398S-405S.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McCarron DA, Reusser ME. Are low intakes of calcium and potassium important causes of cardiovascular disease? Am J Hypertens. 2001;14(6 Pt 2):206S-212S.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ernst E, Pietsch L, Matrai A, et al. Blood rheology in vegetarians. Br J Nutr. 1986;56:555–60.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ostchega Y, Yoon SS, Hughes J, et al. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control – continued disparities in adults: United States, 2005–2006.NCHS Data Brief issue. 2008; 3:1–8.
留言 (0)