Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Dyba T, Randi G, Bettio M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018. Eur J Cancer. 2018;103:356–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clarke MA, Long BJ, Del Mar Morillo A, Arbyn M, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Wentzensen N. Association of endometrial cancer risk with postmenopausal bleeding in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:1210.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bagaria M, Shields E, Bakkum-Gamez JN. Novel approaches to early detection of endometrial cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2017;29:40–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper NAM, Barton PM, Breijer M, Caffrey O, Opmeer BC, Timmermans A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (heavy menstrual bleeding and post-menopausal bleeding): a decision analysis. Health Technology Assessment. 2014;18. https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta18240/

Morice P, Leary A, Creutzberg C, Abu-Rustum N, Darai E. Endometrial cancer. Lancet. 2016;387:1094–108.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel V, Wilkinson EJ, Chamala S, Lu X, Castagno J, Rush D. Endometrial thickness as measured by transvaginal ultrasound and the corresponding histopathologic diagnosis in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2017;36:348–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Narice BF, Delaney B, Dickson JM. Endometrial sampling in low-risk patients with abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMC Fam Pr. 2018;19:135.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huang GS, Gebb JS, Einstein MH, Shahabi S, Novetsky AP, Goldberg GL. Accuracy of preoperative endometrial sampling for the detection of high-grade endometrial tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196:243.e1–243.e5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fakhar S, Saeed G, Khan AH, Alam AY. Validity of pipelle endometrial sampling in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Ann Saudi Med. 2008;28:188–91.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Critchley H, Warner P, Lee A, Brechin S, Guise J, Graham B. Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding: comparison of three outpatient procedures within cohorts defined by age and menopausal status. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8. https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta8340/

Yi Y, Bryce CL, Adambekov S, Edwards RP, Goughnour SL, Linkov F. Cost-effectiveness analysis of biopsy strategies for endometrial cancer diagnosis in women with postmenopausal bleeding: pipelle sampling curette versus dilatation & curettage. Gynecol Oncol. 2018;150:112–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clark TJ, Mann CH, Shah N, Khan KS, Song F, Gupta JK. Accuracy of outpatient endometrial biopsy in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer: a systematic quantitative review. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;109:313–21.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reijnen C, van der Putten LJM, Bulten J, Snijders MPLM, Küsters‐Vandevelde HVN, Sweegers S, et al. Mutational analysis of cervical cytology improves diagnosis of endometrial cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2020;146:2628–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Li L, Douville C, Cohen JD, Yen T-T, Kinde I, et al. Evaluation of liquid from the Papanicolaou test and other liquid biopsies for the detection of endometrial and ovarian cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10:eaap8793.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Costas L, Frias‐Gomez J, Guardiola M, Benavente Y, Pineda M, Pavón MÁ, et al. New perspectives on screening and early detection of endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer. 2019;145:3194–206.

Muinelo-Romay L, Casas-Arozamena C, Abal M. Liquid biopsy in endometrial cancer: new opportunities for personalized oncology. IJMS. 2018;19:2311.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kinde I, Bettegowda C, Wang Y, Wu J, Agrawal N, Shih I-M, et al. Evaluation of DNA from the Papanicolaou test to detect ovarian and endometrial cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5:167ra4–167ra4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Perez-Sanchez C, Colas E, Cabrera S, Falcon O, Sanchez-del-Río A, García E, et al. Molecular diagnosis of endometrial cancer from uterine aspirates: molecular diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer. 2013;133:2383–91.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ISO/IEC. (2017). ISO International Standard ISO/IEC 14882:2017(E) – Programming language C++. Organization for Standardization (ISO). [Internet]. 2018. https://isocpp.org/std/the-standard

Mota A, Colás E, García-Sanz P, Campoy I, Rojo-Sebastián A, Gatius S, et al. Genetic analysis of uterine aspirates improves the diagnostic value and captures the intra-tumor heterogeneity of endometrial cancers. Mod Pathol. 2017;30:134–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lete I, Cristóbal I, Febrer L, Crespo C, Arbat A, Hernández FJ, et al. Economic evaluation of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in Spain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;154:71–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kwon JS, Lu KH. Cost-effectiveness analysis of endometrial cancer prevention strategies for obese women. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:56–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldie SJ, Kohli M, Grima D, Weinstein MC, Wright TC, Bosch FX, et al. Projected clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of a human papillomavirus 16/18 vaccine. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:604–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

ICER. Elagolix for endometriosis: effectiveness and value. modeling analysis plan. Institute for Clini Econ Rev. 2008. https://icer.org/who-we-are/

Perspective [Internet]. YHEC—York Health Economics Consortium. 2020. https://yhec.co.uk/glossary/perspective/

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Glossary [Internet]. NICE. NICE. 2020. https://www.nice.org.uk/glossary?letter=q

What is a QALY? | Whatis Series…? [Internet]. 2021. https://www.whatisseries.co.uk/what-is-a-qaly/

Cost-Effectiveness Threshold [Internet]. YHEC - York Health Economics Consortium. 2021. http://yhec.co.uk/glossary/cost-effectiveness-threshold/

Vallejo-Torres L, García-Lorenzo B, Serrano-Aguilar P. Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for the Spanish NHS. Health Econ. 2018;27:746–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology (NICHSR). Health Economics Information Resources: A Self-Study Course [Internet]. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2021. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/edu/healthecon/glossary.html#Discounting

Halpern EF, Pandharipande PV. Behind the Numbers: sensitivity analysis in cost-effectiveness modeling. Radiology 2017;284:310–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Briggs A. Probabilistic analysis of cost-effectiveness models: statistical representation of parameter uncertainty. Value Health. 2005;8:1–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sroczynski G, Gogollari A, Conrads-Frank A, Hallsson LR, Pashayan N, Widschwendter M, et al. Cost-effectiveness of early detection and prevention strategies for endometrial cancer—a systematic review. Cancers. 2020;12:1874.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Havrilesky LJ, Maxwell GL, Myers ER. Cost-effectiveness analysis of annual screening strategies for endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:640.e1–640.e8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Warring SK, Borah B, Moriarty J, Gullerud R, Lemens MA, Destephano C, et al. The cost of diagnosing endometrial cancer: quantifying the healthcare cost of an abnormal uterine bleeding workup. Gynecol Oncol. 2021;164:93–7.

Gibson EJ, Begum N, Koblbauer I, Dranitsaris G, Liew D, McEwan P, et al. Cohort versus patient level simulation for the economic evaluation of single versus combination immuno-oncology therapies in metastatic melanoma. J Med Econ. 2019;22:531–44.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sato RC, Zouain DM. Markov models in health care. Einstein. 2010;8:376–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferlay J, Laversanne M, Ervik M, LAMF, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. Global cancer observatory: cancer today (Globocan 2020) [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2020.

Chen C-P, Kung P-T, Wang Y-H, Tsai W-C. Effect of time interval from diagnosis to treatment for cervical cancer on survival: a nationwide cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0221946.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

SEER. SEER Cancer Query Systems [Internet]. SEER. 2018. https://seer.cancer.gov/canques/

Clark TJ, Voit D, Gupta JK, Hyde C, Song F, Khan KS. Accuracy of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia: a systematic quantitative review. J Am Med Assoc. 2002;288:1610.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reijnen C, van der Putten LJM, Bulten J, Snijders MPLM, Küsters-Vandevelde HVN, Sweegers S, et al. Mutational analysis of cervical cytology improves diagnosis of endometrial cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Int J Cancer. 2020;146:2628–35.

Bhaskaran K, Douglas I, Forbes H, dos-Santos-Silva I, Leon DA, Smeeth L. Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5·24 million UK adults. Lancet. 2014;384:755–65.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huijgens ANJ, Mertens HJMM. Factors predicting recurrent endometrial cancer. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2013;5:179–86.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

INE. INE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística [Internet]. INE. 2021. https://www.ine.es/

Kwon JS, Sun CC, Peterson SK, White KG, Daniels MS, Boyd‐Rogers SG, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of prevention strategies for gynecologic cancers in Lynch syndrome. Cancer. 2008;113:326–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Department of Health. Official Journal of the Generalitat de Catalunya (DOGC). Resolució SLT/353/2013, de 13 de febrer, sobre la revisió de preus públics corresponents als serveis sanitaris que presta l’Institut Català de la Salut (Disposició derogada) | Departament de Salut | Legislació [Internet]. Cercador d’Informació i Documentació Oficials (CIDO) - Diputació de Barcelona. 2020. http://cido.diba.cat/legislacio/1669316/resolucio-slt3532013-de-13-de-febrer-sobre-la-revisio-de-preus-publics-corresponents-als-serveis-sanitaris-que-presta-linstitut-catala-de-la-salut-disposicio-derogada-departament-de-salut