aTraditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

bInstitute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University

cHenan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease

dKey Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China

Correspondence to Dr Peng Wu, Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University; Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 1 Long Hu Zhong Huan Road, Zhengzhou 450018, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: AngII, angiotensin II; ASDN, aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron; BP, blood pressure; DCT, distal convoluted tubule; ENaC, epithelial sodium channel; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide; HR, heart rate; HS, high salt; Kir4.1, inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NCC, Na+–Cl− cotransporter; NHE3, Na+–H+ exchanger 3; NKCC2, Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; SPAK, Ste20-related, proline–alanine-rich kinase; STZ, streptozotocin; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; WNK, with-no-lysine kinase

Received 15 September, 2022

Revised 3 February, 2023

Accepted 20 February, 2023