Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1054 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(3):666–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shabsigh A, Korets R, Vora KC, et al. Defining early morbidity of radical cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer using a standardized reporting methodology. Eur Urol. 2009;55(1):164–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antoni S, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Znaor A, Jemal A, Bray F. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trends. Eur Urol. 2017;71(1):96–108.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldspink DF. Ageing and activity: their effects on the functional reserve capacities of the heart and vascular smooth and skeletal muscles. Ergonomics. 2005;48(11–14):1334–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146–56.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hogan DB, MacKnight C, Bergman H. Steering committee CIoF, aging. Models, definitions, and criteria of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2003;15(3):1–29.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brummel NE, Bell SP, Girard TD, et al. Frailty and subsequent disability and mortality among patients with critical illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(1):64–72.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bagshaw SM, Stelfox HT, Johnson JA, et al. Long-term association between frailty and health-related quality of life among survivors of critical illness: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(5):973–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okabe H, Ohsaki T, Ogawa K, et al. Frailty predicts severe postoperative complications after elective colorectal surgery. Am J Surg. 2019;217(4):677–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu J, Park JY, Ha S, Hwang JH, Kim YK. C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and acute kidney injury after radical cystectomy among elderly patients: a propensity score-matched analysis. Dis Markers. 2020;2020:8818445.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu J, Hong B, Park JY, et al. Comparison of a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate between ileal conduit and ileal neobladder urinary diversions after radical cystectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2236.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu J, Hong B, Park JY, Hwang JH, Kim YK. Impact of prognostic nutritional index on postoperative pulmonary complications in radical cystectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(3):1859–69.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amrock LG, Neuman MD, Lin HM, Deiner S. Can routine preoperative data predict adverse outcomes in the elderly? Development and validation of a simple risk model incorporating a chart-derived frailty score. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(4):684–94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao H, Wei P, Feng Y. Association between frailty and clinical outcomes and quality of life in older adults following hip fracture surgery: A retrospective cohort study. Anesth Analg. 2022;134(5):1035–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Edge SB, Compton CC. The American joint committee on cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(6):1471–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comperat EM, Burger M, Gontero P, et al. Grading of urothelial carcinoma and the new “World Health Organisation classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs 2016.” Eur Urol Focus. 2019;5(3):457–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Manwani B, Leng SX. Frailty, inflammation, and immunity. Aging Dis. 2011;2(6):466–73.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, Williamson JD, Anderson G. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(3):255–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381(9868):752–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hewitt J, Long S, Carter B, Bach S, McCarthy K, Clegg A. The prevalence of frailty and its association with clinical outcomes in general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2018;47(6):793–800.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parikh N, Sharma P. Frailty as a prognostic indicator in the radical cystectomy population: a review. Int Urol Nephrol. 2019;51(8):1281–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Nunzio C, Cicione A, Izquierdo L, et al. Multicenter analysis of postoperative complications in octogenarians after radical cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy: The role of the frailty index. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2019;17(5):402–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamashita S, Mashima N, Higuchi M, et al. Modified 5-item frailty index score as prognostic marker after radical cystectomy in bladder cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2021;20(3):e210–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Subramaniam S, Aalberg JJ, Soriano RP, Divino CM. The 5-factor modified frailty index in the geriatric surgical population. Am Surg. 2021;87(9):1420–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farhat JS, Velanovich V, Falvo AJ, et al. Are the frail destined to fail? Frailty index as predictor of surgical morbidity and mortality in the elderly. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72(6):1526–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chappidi MR, Kates M, Patel HD, et al. Frailty as a marker of adverse outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol. 2016;34(6):e251–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Nagai S, Fujii T, Kodera Y, et al. Impact of operative blood loss on survival in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Pancreas. 2011;40(1):3–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Linder BJ, Frank I, Cheville JC, et al. The impact of perioperative blood transfusion on cancer recurrence and survival following radical cystectomy. Eur Urol. 2013;63(5):839–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ojima T, Iwahashi M, Nakamori M, et al. Association of allogeneic blood transfusions and long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13(10):1821–2130.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jensen LS, Andersen AJ, Christiansen PM, et al. Postoperative infection and natural killer cell function following blood transfusion in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 1992;79(6):513–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vamvakas EC. Possible mechanisms of allogeneic blood transfusion-associated postoperative infection. Transfus Med Rev. 2002;16(2):144–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chahal R, Sundaram SK, Iddenden R, Forman DF, Weston PM, Harrison SC. A study of the morbidity, mortality and long-term survival following radical cystectomy and radical radiotherapy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer in Yorkshire. Eur Urol. 2003;43(3):246–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar