The database search yielded 4996 records, and 126 records were identified through reference checking of included articles and relevant reviews (Fig. 1). Following the removal of duplicates, 3446 citations underwent title and abstract screening, and 394 full-text articles were reviewed. Of these, 63 articles describing 46 interventions met all inclusion criteria (Table 1). While publication years ranged from 2005 to 2021, the majority were published in the last 5 years (n = 43, 68%). Of the 46 interventions included, nearly half (n = 22, 48%) were conducted in Europe [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], followed by North America (n = 20, 43%) [14, 15, 49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66], Australia (n = 3, 7%) [67,68,69], and the Philippines (n = 1, 2%) [70]. Most interventions targeted patients with a mix of cancer types (n = 24, 52%) [14, 15, 27, 30, 35, 37, 40, 41, 46, 47, 51, 52, 54, 55, 60,61,62,63, 65,66,67,68,69,70], followed by a focus on head and neck (n = 4, 8%) [31, 32, 48, 53], gynecologic (n = 3, 7%) [49, 57, 58], lung (n = 3, 7%) [39, 56, 59], and breast (n = 3, 7%) [28, 42, 64] cancers. Of the 46 ePSM studies, 33% (n = 15) explicitly used implementation science in their design, data collection, or analysis [30, 32, 35, 41, 44, 46, 50, 51, 53,54,55, 58, 60, 67, 69], while 67% (n = 31) reported on the implementation of an ePSM but did not use an implementation science approach [14, 15, 27,28,29, 31, 33, 34, 37,38,39,40, 42, 43, 47,48,49, 52, 56, 57, 59, 61,62,63,64,65,66, 68, 70,71,72]. Overall, 57% (n = 26) used a non-randomized experimental or quality improvement design [29,