Hide-and-seek on a universal scale

The dark and dense environments of the interstellar medium (ISM) — which comprises everything between stellar systems — are the birthplace of complex organic molecules and stars. In these regions, dust grains covered in H2O-ice provide the surface necessary for the formation of molecules such as hydroxylamine (NH2OH). This small molecule is of great interest to astrochemists as it may be involved in amino acid formation in the ISM — glycine, alanine, and serine have already been detected on comets and meteorites. While NH2OH has been observed towards the centre of our galaxy, its measured abundancies (~10−10 relative to H2, where H2 is the most abundant molecule in the Universe) are far below what models have predicted (10–5–10–6). Such low abundancies were unexpected as NH2OH is a ‘simple’ molecule containing some of the most abundant atoms in the Universe.

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