Uropathogenic E. coli creates a memory

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and burdensome, with ~50–60% of women experiencing at least one UTI during their lifetime. The risk of developing an infection is strongly associated with previous UTIs; however, the factors and mechanisms that contribute to the high recurrence rate of UTIs remain unclear and poorly understood. In a recent study, Russell et al. report that uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection triggers trained immunity in urinary tract tissue, which affects the immune response to subsequent infections depending on the first disease outcome.

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