Advances in treatments of patients with classical and emergent neurological toxicities of anticancer agents

The arsenal of antineoplastic treatments has greatly expanded over the last twenty years leading to a longer cancer related survival [1]. This increase in survival (i) helps reconsider the impact of anticancer treatment adverse events, notably the neurological adverse events (AE) on the quality of life, and (ii) leads to an increase in the incidence of delayed neurotoxicities.

This changes impact both AE related to the conventional treatments [chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT)] and innovating treatments (immunotherapies and molecularly targeted therapies).

RT, a corner stone of anticancer treatment is associated to acute and late disabling neurotoxicity [2]. Ongoing clinical and translational research allowed a better understanding of the physiopathology of the radiation-induced injury and the proposal of new preventive and pathogenic therapeutic strategies. Pharmacological anticancer therapy use increased exponentially during the late decades with real breakthroughs in patients’ survival for many cancers. Some of these innovative treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cells are associated to new and potentially severe emerging neurotoxicity. This review is focused on neurotoxicity from anticancer agents and the advances in the therapeutic strategies.

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