Afonso J, Moscão J, Rocha T, Zacca R, Martins A, Milheiro A, Ferreira J, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM (2021) Strength training is as effective as stretching or improving range of motion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MetaArXiv 1–52. https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0098.2.2

Antonio J, Gonyea WJ (1993) Role of muscle fiber hypertrophy and hyperplasia in intermittently stretched avian muscle. J Appl Physiol 259(28):1893–1898

Article  Google Scholar 

Antonio J, Gonyea WJ, Progressive WJG (1993) Progressive stretch overload of skeletal muscle results in hypertrophy before hyperplasia. J Appl Physiol 75(3):1263–1271

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bates GP (1993) The relationship between duration of stimulus per day and the extend of hypertrophy of slow-tonic skeletal muscle in the fowles, Gallus gallus. Comp Biochem Physiol 106A(4):755–758

Article  Google Scholar 

Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences, 2nd edn

Cormie P, Mcguigan MR, Newton RU (2011) Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1—biological basis of maximal power production. Sports Med 41(1):17–38

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Vecchio A, Casolo A, Negro F, Scorcelletti M, Bazzucchi I, Enoka R, Felici F, Farina D (2019) The increase in muscle force after 4 weeks of strength training is mediated by adaptations in motor unit recruitment and rate coding. J Physiol 597(7):1873–1887. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277250

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Devol DL, Novakofski J, Fernando R, Bechtel PJ (1991) Varying amounts of stretch stimulus regulate stretch-induced muscle hypertrophy in the chicken. Biochem Physiol 100A(1):55–61

Article  Google Scholar 

Franchi MV, Longo S, Mallinson J, Quinlan JI, Taylor T, Greenhaff PL, Narici MV (2017) Muscle thickness correlates to muscle cross-sectional area in the assessment of strength training-induced hypertrophy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12961

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frankeny JR, Holly GR, Ashmore CR (1983) Effects of graded duration of stretch on normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 6:269–277

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freitas SR, Mil-Homens P (2015) Effect of 8-week high-intensity stretching training on biceps femoris architecture. J Strength Cond Res 29(6):1737–1740

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freitas SR, Mendes B, le Sant G, Andrade RJ, Nordez A, Milanovic Z (2018) Can chronic stretching change the muscle-tendon mechanical properties? A review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 28(3):294–306

Article  Google Scholar 

Gabriel DA, Kamen G, Frost G (2006) Neural adaptations to resistive exercise: mechanisms and recommendations for training practices. Sports Med 36(2):133–149. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636020-00004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garibotto G, Tessari P, Robaudo C, Zanetti M, Saffioti S, Vettore M, Inchiostro S, Sacco P, Deferrari G, Tizianello A (1997) Protein turnover in the kidney and the whole body in humans. Miner Electrolyte Metab 23(3–6):185–188

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Green LA, Gabriel DA (2018) The cross education of strength and skill following unilateral strength training in the upper and lower limbs. J Neurophysiol 120:468–479. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00116.2018.-Cross

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Davies TB, Lazinica B, Krieger JW, Pedisic Z (2018) Effect of resistance training frequency on gains in muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 48(5):1207–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holly RG, Barnett JG, Ashmore CR, Taylor RG, Molti PA (1980) Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: a new model of stretch hypertrophy. Am J Physiol 238(Cell Physiology 7):C62–C71

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kelley G (1996) Mechanical overload and skeletal muscle fiber hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. J Appl Physiol 81:1584–1588

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koo TK, Li MY (2016) A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med 15(2):155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krzysztofik M, Wilk M, Wojdała G, Gołaś A (2019) Maximizing muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review of advanced resistance training techniques and methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244897

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lamas L, Aoki MS, Ugrinowitsch C, Campos GE, Regazzini M, Moriscot AS, Tricoli V (2010) Expression of genes related to muscle plasticity after strength and power training regiments. Scan J Med Sci Sports 20(2):216–225

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lanza MB, Balshaw TG, Folland JP (2019) Is the joint-angle specificity of isometric resistance training real? And if so, does it have a neural basis? Eur J Appl Physiol 119(11–12):2465–2476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04229-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lim W, Park H (2017) No significant correlation between the intensity of static stretching and subject’s perception of pain. J Phys Ther Sci 29(10):1856–1859. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.29.1856

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Medeiros DM, Lima CS (2017) Influence of chronic stretching on muscle performance: systematic review. Hum Mov Sci 54:220–229

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Medeiros DM, Cini A, Sbruzzi G, Lima CS (2016) Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: systematic review and meta analysis. Physio Ther Theory Pract 32(6):438–445

Article  Google Scholar 

Millender DJ, Mang ZA, Beam JR, Realzola RA, Kravitz L (2021) The effect of rest interval length on upper and lower body exercises in resistance-trained females. Int J Exerc Sci 14(7):1178–1191

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mizuno T (2019) Combined effects of static stretching and electrical stimulation on joint range of motion and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 33(10):2694–2703

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moltubakk MM, Villars FO, Magulas MM, Magnusson SP, Seynnes OR, Bojsen-Møller J (2021) Altered triceps surae muscle-tendon unit properties after 6 months of static stretching. Med Sci Sports Exerc 53(9):1975–1986. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002671

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murphy AJ, Wilson GJ (1996) Poor correlations between isometric tests and dynamic performance: relationship to muscle activation. Eur J Appl Physiol 73:353–357

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Nakamura M, Ikezoe T, Kobayashi T, Nishishita S, Ichihashi N (2017) Changes in passive properties of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit during a 4-week routine static stretching program. J Sport Rehabil 26(4):263–268

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakamura M, Yoshida R, Sato S, Yahata K, Murakami Y, Kasahara K, Fukaya T, Takeuchi K, Nunes JP, Konrad A (2021) Comparison between high- and low-intensity static stretching training program on active and passive properties of plantar flexors. Front Physiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.796497

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nelson AG, Kokkonen J, Winchester JB, Kalani W, Peterson K, Kenly MS, Arnall DA (2012) A 10-week stretching program increases strength in the contralateral muscle. J Cond Res 26(3):832–836

Article  Google Scholar 

Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ, Nakamura M, Ribeiro AS, Cunha PM, Cyrino ES (2020) Does stretch training induce muscle hypertrophy in humans? A review of the literature. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 40:148–156

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perkisas S, Bastijns S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beaudart C, Beckwée D, Cruz-Jentoft A, Gasowski J, Hobbelen H, Jager-Wittenaar H, Kasiukiewicz A, Landi F, Małek M, Marco E, Martone AM, de Miguel AM, Piotrowicz K, Sanchez E, Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Scafoglieri A, Vandewoude M, Verhoeven V, Wojszel ZB, De Cock AM (2021) Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med 12:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00433-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ralston GW, Kilgore L, Wyatt FB, Baker JS (2017) The effect of weekly set volume on strength gain: a meta-analysis. Sports Med 47(12):2585–2601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0762-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Refalo MC, Hamilton DL, Paval DR, Gallagher IJ, Feros SA, Fyfe J (2021) Influence of resistance training load on measures of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvements in maximal strength and neuromuscular task performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 39(15):1723–1745

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sarto F, Spörri J, Fitze DP, Quinlan JI, Narici MV, Franchi MV (2021) Implementing ultrasound imaging for the assessment of muscle and tendon properties in elite sports: practical aspects, methodological considerations and future directions. Sports Med 51(6):1151–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01436-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sasai N, Agata N, Inoue-Miyazu M, Kawakami K, Kobayashi K, Sokabe M, Hayakawa K (2010) Involvement of PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway in stretch-induced hypertrophy of myotubes. Muscle Nerve 41(1):100–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.21473

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sato S, Hiraizumi K, Kiyono R, Fukaya T, Nishishita S, Nunes JP, Nakamura M (2020) The effects of static stretching programs on muscle strength and muscle architecture of the medial gastrocnemius. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235679

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sayegh JF, Lajtha A (1989) In vivo rates of protein synthesis in brain, muscle, and liver of five vertebrate species. Neurochem Res 11(14):1165–1168

Article