Ej=10
Potential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2
∆E
The difference between Ej=10 and E1/2.
AEM
Anion exchange membrane
ALD
Atomic layer deposition
Cdl
Double layer capacitance
CVD
Chemical vapor deposition
DFT
Density functional theory
ECSA
Electrochemical active surface area
HER
Hydrogen evolution reaction
HOPG
High oriented pyrolytic graphite
LIBs
Lithium-ion batteries
M
Active site of the catalyst
MFR
Melamine formaldehyde resin
M-Nx
Single atomic transition metal coordinated nitrogen
MOF
Metal-organic framework
OER
Oxygen evolution reaction
ORR
Oxygen reduction reaction
PTFE
Polytetrafluoroethylene
rGO
Reduced graphene oxide
SEM
Scanning electron microscopy
TEM
Transmission electron microscopy
TMC
Transition metal chalcogenides
TMC/C
Composites of carbon materials and transition metal chalcogenides
TMS
Transition metal sulfides
TMSe
Transition metal selenide
TMTe
Transition metal telluride
XPS
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy
ZIF
Zeolitic imidazole framework
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