Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H, et al. European stroke organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2021;6(1):1–12.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bushnell C, Howard VJ, Lisabeth L, et al. Sex differences in the evaluation and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(7):641–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang M, Ma C, Li H, et al. Sex dimorphisms in ischemic stroke: from experimental studies to clinic. Front Neurol. 2020;11:504.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lorenzano S, Ahmed N, Falcou A, et al. Does sex influence the response to intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke?: answers from safe implementation of treatments in Stroke-International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. Stroke. 2013;44(12):3401–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spaander FH, Zinkstok SM, Baharoglu IM, Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients Collaborators (TrISP), et al. Sex differences and functional outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. Stroke. 2017;48(3):699–703.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cai B, Li SD, Li H, Liu ZQ, Peng B. Sex differences of acute stroke treatment and in hospital outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2020;11: 545860.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carcel C, Wang X, Sandset EC, et al. Sex differences in treatment and outcome after stroke: pooled analysis including 19,000 participants. Neurology. 2019;93(24):e2170–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elkind MS, Prabhakaran S, Pittman J, Koroshetz W, Jacoby M, Johnston KC, GAIN Americas Investigators. Sex as a predictor of outcomes in patients treated with thrombolysis for acute stroke. Neurology. 2007;68(11):842–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee S-J, Heo SH, Ambrosius WT, Bushnell CD. Factors mediating outcome after stroke: gender, thrombolysis, and their interaction. Transl Stroke Res. 2018;9(3):267–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonkhoff AK, Karch A, Weber R, Wellmann J, Berger K. Female stroke: sex differences in acute treatment and early outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2021;52(2):406–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, Stroke Thrombolysis Trialists’ Collaborative Group, et al. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;384(9958):1929–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hametner C, MacIsaac RL, Kellert L, Abdul-Rahim AH, Ringleb PA, Lees KR, VISTA Collaborators. Sex and stroke in thrombolyzed patients and controls. Stroke. 2017;48(2):367–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uyttenboogaart M, Koch MW, Koopman K, Vroomen PC, De Keyser J, Luijckx GJ. Safety of antiplatelet therapy prior to intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(5):607–11.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pan X, Zhu Y, Zheng D, Liu Y, Yu F, Yang J. Prior antiplatelet agent use and outcomes after intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Int J Stroke. 2015;10(3):317–23.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luo S, Zhuang M, Zeng W, Tao J. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(5): e003242.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xian Y, Federspiel JJ, Grau-Sepulveda M, et al. Risks and benefits associated with prestroke antiplatelet therapy among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(1):50–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robinson TG, Wang X, Arima H, ENCHANTED Investigators, et al. Low-versus standard-dose alteplase in patients on prior antiplatelet therapy: the ENCHANTED trial (enhanced control of hypertension and thrombolysis stroke study). Stroke. 2017;48:1877–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Zand R, et al. Antiplatelet pretreatment and outcomes in intravenous thrombolysis for stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2017;264(6):1227–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frey BM, Boutitie F, Cheng B, WAKE-UP investigators, et al. Safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients on prior antiplatelet therapy in the WAKE-UP trial. Neurol Res Pract. 2020;2:40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schellinger PD, Tsivgoulis G. Another enchantment from ENCHANTED (enhanced control of hypertension and thrombolysis stroke study): are savings and safety more salutary than efficacy? Stroke. 2017;48:1720–2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cucchiara B, Kasner SE, Tanne D, SAINT Investigators, et al. Factors associated with intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: pooled analysis of placebo data from the Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT) I and SAINT II trials. Stroke. 2009;40(9):3067–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diedler J, Ahmed N, Sykora M, et al. Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy at stroke onset. Stroke. 2010;41(2):288–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsivgoulis G, Katsanos AH, Mavridis D, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke patients on dual antiplatelets. Ann Neurol. 2018;84(1):89–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malhotra K, Katsanos AH, Goyal N, et al. Safety and efficacy of dual antiplatelet pretreatment in patients with ischemic stroke treated with IV thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2020;94(7):e657–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Altersberger VL, Sturzenegger R, Räty S, Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators, et al. Prior dual antiplatelet therapy and thrombolysis in acute stroke. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(4):857–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Segal JB, Moliterno AR. Platelet counts differ by sex, ethnicity, and age in the United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16(2):123–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson M, Ramey E, Ramwell PW. Sex and age differences in human platelet aggregation. Nature. 1975;253(5490):355–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faraday N, Goldschmidt-Clermont PJ, Bray PF. Gender differences in platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation. Thromb Haemost. 1997;77(4):748–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang TY, Angiolillo DJ, Cushman M, et al. Platelet biology and response to antiplatelet therapy in women: implications for the development and use of antiplatelet pharmacotherapies for cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(10):891–900.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patti G, De Caterina R, Abbate R, Working Group on Thrombosis of the Italian Society of Cardiology, et al. Platelet function and long-term antiplatelet therapy in women: is there a gender-specificity? A “state-of-the-art” paper. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(33):2213–2223b.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Pangrazzi I, Tognoni G, Brown DL. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women and men: a sex-specific meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006;295:306–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boersma E, Harrington RA, Moliterno DJ, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2002;359:189–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Capodanno D, Angiolillo DJ. Impact of race and gender on antithrombotic therapy. Thromb Haemost. 2010;104:471–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Renda G, Patti G, Lang IM, Working Group on Thrombosis of the Italian Society of Cardiology, et al. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic burden in women: Gender-related issues in the response to antithrombotic therapies. Int J Cardiol. 2019;286:198–207.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonati L, Baumgartner RW, Bonvin C, et al. Ein Werkzeug für dieQualitätssicherung und Forschung. Swiss Med Forum. 2016;16:168–9. https://doi.org/10.4414/smf.2016.02576.

Article  Google Scholar 

von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Goldstein LB, Bertels C, Davis JN. Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale. Arch Neurol. 1989;46(6):660–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kasner SE. Clinical interpretation and use of stroke scales. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(7):603–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar