Largely conjugated planar acceptor and rotatable donors to construct AIEgens with large molar extinction coefficients for the detection of metal ions

To maintain high molar extinction coefficients when fabricating luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgens) is of great significance but yet challenging. Hereof, we utilize phenanthroline with high conjugation degree and electron-withdrawing ability as the electron acceptor and triphenylamine (TPA) or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the electron donor to fabricate new AIEgens with high molar extinction coefficients. Accordingly, DTPAP and DTPEP with D-A-D structure were obtained. Photophysical data indicated that the introduction of phenanthroline can enhance the donor-acceptor interactions to result in high molar extinction coefficients with value of 2.90 ×104 L•mol-1•cm-1 at 400 nm for DTPEP. Moreover, DTPEP, with more rotors in the donor moiety exhibited AIE feature, while in contrast, DTPAP with less rotors displayed aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) property. Both DTPEP and DTPAP can be used for the fluorescent sensing of metal ions in aqueous solution. A facile and portable platform for smartphone capable of detection of Hg2+ was also fabricated by using AIEgen DTPEP. The device was applied for rapid detection of Hg2+ with a wide range of 0-25 μM.

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