(Poly)phenols in Human Breast Milk and their health benefits for the newborn

Abstract

Human breast milk is the first food source available to newborns and is responsible for healthy growth and development during the first months of life. Human breast milk contains vitamins, hormones, cytokines, microbiota, and immune cells that are responsible for such healthy conditions. Nonetheless, knowledge of the vast array of molecules present in human breast milk and their potential health effects is still lacking. The effects of mothers’ diets on the molecules present in human breast milk are also generally unknown. The health benefits of (poly)phenols have been largely increasing but their presence in breast milk has been put largely aside. The impact of the mother’s diet in the presence and quantification of these molecules in milk has also been overlooked. Above all, the potential benefits of (poly)phenols for newborns are just a vast emptiness of what is known about (poly)phenol research.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 804229. INOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344). Authors would also like to acknowledge FCT for financial support of D.C. (2020.04630.BD).

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Footnotes

Abbreviations used: BM, breast milk; BSID, Bayley Scales of Infant Development; DOPAC, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid; EHC, enterohepatic circulation; FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power; LMW, low molecular weight; MDI, Mental Developmental Index; OAT, organic acid transporter; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PDI, Psychomotor Development Index; PLS-3, Preschool Language Scale-3; SC, systemic circulation; SPE, solid phase extraction; TEAC, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TRAP, total reactive antioxidant potential

Data Availability

All data reviewed in this manuscript are contained within the cited studies

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