Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, Rohde LA, Srinath S, Ulkuer N, Rahman A (2011) Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action. Lancet 378:1515–1525

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Collishaw S (2015) Annual research review: secular trends in child and adolescent mental health. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56:370–393

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, De Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I et al (2007) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s world mental health survey initiative. World Psychiatry 6:168–176

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB (2010) Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med 7:e1000316

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Santini ZI, Koyanagi A, Tyrovolas S, Mason C, Haro JM (2015) The association between social relationships and depression: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 175:53–65

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Umberson D, Crosnoe R, Reczek C (2010) Social relationships and health behavior across life course. Annu Rev Sociol 36:139–157

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McPherson KE, Kerr S, McGee E, Morgan A, Cheater FM, McLean J, Egan J (2014) The association between social capital and mental health and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: an integrative systematic review. BMC Psychol 2:7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Funakoshi Y, Xuan Z, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T (2021) The association of community and individual parental social capital with behavior problems among children in Japan: results from A-CHILD longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 56:119–127

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koyama Y, Fujiwara T, Isumi A, Doi S (2020) Association of parental social network diversity with behaviour problems and resilience of offspring in a large population-based study of Japanese children. BMJ Open 10:e035100

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ochi M, Fujiwara T (2016) Association between parental social interaction and behavior problems in offspring: a population-based study in Japan. Int J Behav Med 23:447–457

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yagi J, Fujiwara T, Yambe T, Okuyama M, Kawachi I, Sakai A (2016) Does social capital reduce child behavior problems? Results from the great East Japan earthquake follow-up for children study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 51:1117–1123

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holt-Lunstad J (2021) A pandemic of social isolation? World Psychiatry 20:55–56

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Holt-Lunstad J, Steptoe A (2022) Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health. Curr Opin Psychol 43:232–237

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D (2015) Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci 10:227–237

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2020) Comprehensive survey of living conditions in Japan, 2019. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa19/index.html (in Japanese). Accessed 16 Feb 2023

Cabinet Office (2022) Annual report on the declining birthrate 2022. https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/w-2022/r04webhonpen/index.html (in Japanese). Accessed 16 Feb 2023

Kuriyama S, Metoki H, Kikuya M, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Yamanaka C et al (2020) Cohort profile: Tohoku medical megabank project birth and three-generation cohort study (TMM BirThree cohort study): rationale, progress and perspective. Int J Epidemiol 49:18–19m

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T et al (2022) Social isolation and postnatal bonding disorder in Japan: the Tohoku medical megabank project birth and three-generation cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 25:1079–1086

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T et al (2022) Social isolation and insomnia among pregnant women in Japan: the Tohoku medical megabank project birth and three-generation cohort study. Sleep Health 8:714–720

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N, Nagami F, Arai T, Kawaguchi Y, Osumi N et al (2016) The Tohoku medical megabank project: design and mission. J Epidemiol 26:493–511

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lubben J, Blozik E, Gillmann G, Iliffe S, von Renteln KW, Beck JC, Stuck AE (2006) Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben social network scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. Gerontologist 46:503–513

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kurimoto A, Kurita S, Okubo T, Tsubota-Utsugi M, Asayama K, Takahashi K, Suenaga K, Satoh H, Imai Y (2011) Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the abbreviated lubben social network scale. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 48:149–157 (in Japanese with English abstract)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2000) Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth & Families, Burlington VT

Google Scholar 

Funabiki Y, Murai T (2017) Standardization of a Japanese version of the child behavior checklist for ages 1½-5 and the caregiver-teacher report form. Jpn J Child Adolesc Psychiatr. 58:713–729 (in Japanese with English abstract)

Google Scholar 

Carneiro A, Dias P, Soares I (2016) Risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems in the preschool years: systematic literature review based on the child behavior checklist 1½–5. J Child Fam Stud 25:2941–2953

Article  Google Scholar 

Holt-Lunstad J (2018) Why social relationships are important for physical health: a systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annu Rev Psychol 69:437–458

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hosokawa T, Ohyama M (1993) Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck personality questionnaire—revised. Psychol Rep 72:823–832

Article  Google Scholar 

Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG (1975) Manual of the Eysenck personality questionnaire. Hodder & Stoughton, London

Google Scholar 

Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ, Barrett P (1985) A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Pers Individ Dif 6:21–29

Article  Google Scholar 

Digman JM (1990) Personality structure: emergence of the five-factor model. Annu Rev Psychol 41:417–440

Article  Google Scholar 

Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general Population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401

Article  Google Scholar 

Shima S, Shikano T, Kitamura T, Asai M (1985) New self-rating scale for depression. Jpn J Clin Psychiatry 27:717–723 (in Japanese)

Google Scholar 

Wang J, Lloyd-Evans B, Giacco D, Forsyth R, Nebo C, Mann F, Johnson S (2017) Social isolation in mental health: a conceptual and methodological review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52:1451–1461

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Hanratty B (2016) Loneliness, social isolation and social relationships: what are we measuring? A novel framework for classifying and comparing tools. BMJ Open 6:e010799

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stith SM, Liu T, Davies LC, Boykin EL, Alder MC, Harris JM, Som A, McPherson M, Dees JE (2009) Risk factors in child maltreatment: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Aggression Violent Behav 14:13–29

Article  Google Scholar 

Barlow J, Bergman H, Kornør H, Wei Y, Bennett C (2016) Group-based parent training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in young children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003680.pub3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jugovac S, O’Kearney R, Hawes DJ, Pasalich DS (2022) Attachment- and emotion-focused parenting interventions for child and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors: a meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 25:754–773

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Smith K, Christakis N (2008) Social networks and health. Annu Rev Sociol 34:405–429

Article  Google Scholar 

Honda Y, Fujiwara T, Kawachi I (2019) Higher child-raising costs due to maternal social isolation: Large population-based study in Japan. Soc Sci Med 233:71–77

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van den Berg SM, de Moor MH, Verweij KJ, Krueger RF, Luciano M, Arias Vasquez A et al (2016) Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for extraversion: findings from the genetics of personality consortium. Behav Genet 46:170–182

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cassiello-Robbins C, Wilner JG, Sauer-Zavala S (2017) Neuroticism. In: Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford T (eds) Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Springer, Cham

Google Scholar 

Stansfeld SA (2006) Social support and social cohesion. In: Marmot MG, Wilkinson RG (eds) Social determinants of health. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 148–171

Google Scholar 

MacMillan KK, Lewis AJ, Watson SJ, Bourke D, Galbally M (2021) Maternal social support, depression and emotional availability in early mother-infant interaction: Findings from a pregnancy cohort. J Affect Disord 292:757–765

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mandai M, Kaso M, Takahashi Y, Nakayama T (2018) Loneliness among mothers raising children under the age of 3 years and predictors with special reference to the use of SNS: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 18:131

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ono M, Honda S (2017) Association between social support and child abuse potential among Japanese mothers. Child Youth Serv Rev 73:88–92