Recio-Boiles A, Cagir B. Colon Cancer. Florida: StatPearls Treasure; 2021.

Google Scholar 

Adamski S, Rutkowski J. Adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum as precancerous lesions. Gastroenterologia. 1956;86:370–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Corley DA, Levin TR, Doubeni CA. Adenoma detection rate and risk of colorectal cancer and death. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2541.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaminski MF, Wieszczy P, Rupinski M, Wojciechowska U, Didkowska J, Kraszewska E, Kobiela J, Franczyk R, Rupinska M, Kocot B, et al. Increased rate of adenoma detection associates with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and death. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:98–105.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Potter SS. Single-cell RNA sequencing for the study of development, physiology and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018;14:479–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Li Z, Skrzypczynska KM, Fang Q, Zhang W, O’Brien SA, He Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Kim A, et al. Single-Cell analyses inform mechanisms of myeloid-targeted therapies in colon cancer. Cell. 2020;181(442–459): e429.

Google Scholar 

Li H, Courtois ET, Sengupta D, Tan Y, Chen KH, Goh JJL, Kong SL, Chua C, Hon LK, Tan WS, et al. Reference component analysis of single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors. Nat Genet. 2017;49:708–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun R, Liu Z, Han L, Yang Y, Wu F, Jiang Q, Zhang H, Ma R, Miao J, He K, et al. miR-22 and miR-214 targeting BCL9L inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by down-regulating Wnt signaling in colon cancer. FASEB J. 2019;33:5411–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun R, Liu Z, Tong D, Yang Y, Guo B, Wang X, Zhao L, Huang C. miR-491-5p, mediated by Foxi1, functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling in the development of gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8: e2714.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cecchini MJ, Walsh JC, Parfitt J, Chakrabarti S, Correa RJ, MacKenzie MJ, Driman DK. CDX2 and Muc2 immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in stage II colon cancer. Hum Pathol. 2019;90:70–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kvorjak M, Ahmed Y, Miller ML, Sriram R, Coronnello C, Hashash JG, Hartman DJ, Telmer CA, Miskov-Zivanov N, Finn OJ, et al. Cross-talk between colon cells and macrophages increases ST6GALNAC1 and MUC1-sTn expression in ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2020;8:167–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kwon CH, Park HJ, Choi JH, Lee JR, Kim HK, Jo HJ, Kim HS, Oh N, Song GA, Park DY. Snail and serpinA1 promote tumor progression and predict prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6:20312–26.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mlakar V, Berginc G, Volavsek M, Stor Z, Rems M, Glavac D. Presence of activating KRAS mutations correlates significantly with expression of tumour suppressor genes DCN and TPM1 in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2009;9:282.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jeong D, Kim H, Kim D, Ban S, Oh S, Ji S, Kang D, Lee H, Ahn TS, Kim HJ, et al. Defensin alpha 6 (DEFA6) is a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark. 2019;24:485–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lizarraga-Verdugo E, Carmona TG, Ramos-Payan R, Avendano-Felix M, Bermudez M, Parra-Niebla M, Lopez-Camarillo C, Fernandez-Figueroa E, Lino-Silva L, Saavedra HA, et al. SOX9 is associated with advanced T-stages of clinical stage II colon cancer in young Mexican patients. Oncol Lett. 2021;22:497.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marcker Espersen ML, Linnemann D, Christensen IJ, Alamili M, Troelsen JT, Hogdall E. SOX9 expression predicts relapse of stage II colon cancer patients. Hum Pathol. 2016;52:38–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Brien CA, Kreso A, Ryan P, Hermans KG, Gibson L, Wang Y, Tsatsanis A, Gallinger S, Dick JE. ID1 and ID3 regulate the self-renewal capacity of human colon cancer-initiating cells through p21. Cancer Cell. 2012;21:777–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chakroborty D, Emani MR, Klen R, Bockelman C, Hagstrom J, Haglund C, Ristimaki A, Lahesmaa R, Elo LL. L1TD1 - a prognostic marker for colon cancer. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:727.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao QQ, Jiang C, Gao Q, Zhang YY, Wang G, Chen XP, Wu SB, Tang J. Gene expression and methylation profiles identified CXCL3 and CXCL8 as key genes for diagnosis and prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:4902–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Symes AJ, Eilertsen M, Millar M, Nariculam J, Freeman A, Notara M, Feneley MR, Patel HR, Masters JR, Ahmed A. Quantitative analysis of BTF3, HINT1, NDRG1 and ODC1 protein over-expression in human prostate cancer tissue. PLoS ONE. 2013;8: e84295.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merli AM, Vieujean S, Massot C, Bletard N, Quesada Calvo F, Baiwir D, Mazzucchelli G, Servais L, Wera O, Oury C, et al. Solute carrier family 12 member 2 as a proteomic and histological biomarker of dysplasia and neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. J Crohns Colitis. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa168.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yajima S, Ishii M, Matsushita H, Aoyagi K, Yoshimatsu K, Kaneko H, Yamamoto N, Teramoto T, Yoshida T, Matsumura Y, et al. Expression profiling of fecal colonocytes for RNA-based screening of colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol. 2007;31:1029–37.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fijneman RJ, Bade LK, Peham JR, van de Wiel MA, van Hinsbergh VW, Meijer GA, O’Sullivan MG, Cormier RT. Pla2g2a attenuates colon tumorigenesis in azoxymethane-treated C57BL/6 mice; expression studies reveal Pla2g2a target genes and pathways. Cell Oncol. 2009;31:345–56.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yotsumoto F, Yagi H, Suzuki SO, Oki E, Tsujioka H, Hachisuga T, Sonoda K, Kawarabayashi T, Mekada E, Miyamoto S. Validation of HB-EGF and amphiregulin as targets for human cancer therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;365:555–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu Q, Yang ZF, Wang KJ, Feng XY, Lv ZJ, Li Y, Jian ZX. AQP8 inhibits colorectal cancer growth and metastasis by down-regulating PI3K/AKT signaling and PCDH7 expression. Am J Cancer Res. 2018;8:266–79.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li L, Dang Q, Xie H, Yang Z, He D, Liang L, Song W, Yeh S, Chang C. Infiltrating mast cells enhance prostate cancer invasion via altering LncRNA-HOTAIR/PRC2-androgen receptor (AR)-MMP9 signals and increased stem/progenitor cell population. Oncotarget. 2015;6:14179–90.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koslowski M, Sahin U, Dhaene K, Huber C, Tureci O. MS4A12 is a colon-selective store-operated calcium channel promoting malignant cell processes. Cancer Res. 2008;68:3458–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spisak S, Kalmar A, Galamb O, Wichmann B, Sipos F, Peterfia B, Csabai I, Kovalszky I, Semsey S, Tulassay Z, et al. Genome-wide screening of genes regulated by DNA methylation in colon cancer development. PLoS ONE. 2012;7: e46215.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu WX, Zhang J, Hua YT, Yang SJ, Wang DD, Tang JH. An integrative pan-cancer analysis revealing LCN2 as an oncogenic immune protein in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol. 2020;10: 605097.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wilkinson TS, Roghanian A, Simpson AJ, Sallenave JM. WAP domain proteins as modulators of mucosal immunity. Biochem Soc Trans. 2011;39:1409–15.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pandey JP, Namboodiri AM, Armeson KE, Iwasaki M, Kasuga Y, Hamada GS, Tsugane S. IGHG, IGKC, and FCGR genes and endogenous antibody responses to GARP in patients with breast cancer and matched controls. Hum Immunol. 2018;79:632–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Shan Q, Hou G, Zhang J, Bai J, Lv X, Xie Y, Zhu H, Su S, Li Y, et al. Discovery of potential colorectal cancer serum biomarkers through quantitative proteomics on the colonic tissue interstitial fluids from the AOM-DSS mouse model. J Proteomics. 2016;132:31–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang X, Han J, Feng L, Zhi L, Jiang D, Yu B, Zhang Z, Gao B, Zhang C, Li M, et al. DUOX2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the AKT pathway and interacting with RPL3. Carcinogenesis. 2021;42:105–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Xia T, Jin C, Gu D, Yu J, Shi W, Zhang KE, Zhang L, Ye J, Li L. FOXP3 and CEACAM6 expression and T cell infiltration in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016;11:3693–701.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shang Y, Chai N, Gu Y, Ding L, Yang Y, Zhou J, Ren G, Hao X, Fan D, Wu K, et al. Systematic immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 in colon cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138:910–9.

Article  PubMed