Sustainable Disaster Risk Reduction Training Model for Nurses:A Descriptive Qualitative Approach

Indonesia is a hypermarket of disasters, evidenced by the number of disasters that occurred across the country from January 2022 to October 2022, which reported that more than 2,000 disasters had stroked Indonesia (National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure [BNPB], 2022). The type of disasters caused by nature exists in Indonesia are earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides, tornados, and bushfires (BNPB, 2022). In 2004, when the giant Tsunami hit Aceh, more than 100,000 Indonesian died. It was a turning point for every party to realise the importance of mitigation and preparedness. Since then, extensive efforts have been made to reduce the impacts of a disaster through activities related to mitigation and preparedness (al Harits et al., 2019).

Globally, there has been a shifting paradigm of disaster management from focusing on response to risk reduction. Therefore, the new Sendai Framework was established for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction [UNDRR], 2015). The framework is the key guiding document that provides different competency levels of responders with concrete measures and actions for disaster management (UNDRR, 2015). This SFDRR is built around four main priorities: (1) understanding disaster risk, (2) strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk, (3) investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, (4) enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (UNDRR, 2015). In achieving these global goals of disaster management, in 2019, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) published a new framework for core competencies in disaster nursing (International Council of Nurses [ICN], 2019). The framework consisted of eight domains reflecting the competencies nurses need in all four disaster phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Since its first publication in 2009 of ICN core competencies in disaster nursing, countries worldwide have tried to facilitate nurses obtaining these competencies through training and education programmes in their countries (Hutton et al., 2016).

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