Current practises and the future of robotic surgical training

Elsevier

Available online 15 March 2023

The SurgeonAuthor links open overlay panel, , , , , , Highlights•

Progress in robotic surgery is democratising access.

Training programmes need expansion to produce safe, proficient robotic surgeons.

We review the current landscape of Robotic Surgery training.

We summarise future robotic surgery training practices.

AbstractIntroduction

This study reviews the current state of robotic surgery training for surgeons, including the various curricula, training methods, and tools available, as well as the challenges and limitations of these.

Methods

The authors carried out a literature search across PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar using keywords related to ‘robotic surgery’, ‘computer-assisted surgery’, ‘simulation’, ‘virtual reality’, ‘surgical training’, and ‘surgical education’. Full text analysis was performed on 112 articles.

Training programmes

The training program for robotic surgery should focus on proficiency, deliberation, and distribution principles. The curricula can be broadly split up into pre-console and console-side training.

Pre-Console and Console-Side Training: Simulation training is an important aspect of robotic surgery training to improve technical skill acquisition and reduce mental workload, which helps prepare trainees for live procedures.

Operative performance assessment

The study also discusses the various validated assessment tools used for operative performance assessments.

Future advances

Finally, the authors propose potential future directions for robotic surgery training, including the use of emerging technologies such as AI and machine learning for real-time feedback, remote mentoring, and augmented reality platforms like Proximie to reduce costs and overcome geographic limitations.

Conclusion

Standardisation in trainee performance assessment is needed. Each of the robotic curricula and platforms has strengths and weaknesses. The ERUS Robotic Curriculum represents an evidence-based example of how to implement training from novice to expert. Remote mentoring and augmented reality platforms can overcome the challenges of high equipment costs and limited access to experts. Emerging technologies offer promising advancements for real-time feedback and immersive training environments, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords

Education

Surgical training

Laparoscopic

Training & assessment

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© 2023 Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (Scottish charity number SC005317) and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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