*Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University;

†Department of Pharmacy, Nagoya City University Hospital;

§Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University; and

‡Division of Infection Prevention and Control, Nagoya City University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.

Correspondence: Yasuhiro Horita, PhD, Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]).

Supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research in the Nagoya City University (Grant Number: 2113031 and 2213037).

K. Kimura and A. Nakamura made substantial contributions to conception and design. Y. Horita was responsible for programming, software development, and statistical analyses. M. Asaoka, M. Iida, and H. Kato made substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. K. Mitamura, K. Ohashi, and Y. Mimura provided study materials and patient information. C. Wachino, Y. Hotta, and T. Kataoka were involved in drafting the manuscript and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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