A Nod to the Nodes

Kim J. Gosnell J.E. Roman S.A.

Geographic influences in the global rise of thyroid cancer.

Nat Rev Endocrinol. 16: 17-29Sugitani I. Ito Y. Takeuchi D. et al.

Indications and Strategy for Active Surveillance of Adult Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Consensus Statements from the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery Task Force on Management for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.

Thyroid. 31: 183-192Gillanders S.L. O'Neill J.P.

Prognostic markers in well differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (WDTC).

Eur J Surg Oncol. 44: 286-296Zhang Z. Zhang X. Yin Y. et al.

Integrating BRAF(V600E) mutation, ultrasonic and clinicopathologic characteristics for predicting the risk of cervical central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BMC Cancer. 22: 461Mazzaferri E.L. Jhiang S.M.

Long-term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

Am J Med. 97: 418-428Randolph G.W. Duh Q.Y. Heller K.S. et al.

The prognostic significance of nodal metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma can be stratified based on the size and number of metastatic lymph nodes, as well as the presence of extranodal extension.

Thyroid. 22: 1144-1152Adam M.A. Pura J. Goffredo P. et al.

Impact of extent of surgery on survival for papillary thyroid cancer patients younger than 45 years.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100: 115-121American Joint Committee On C. Amin M.B. Edge S.B. et al.

AJCC cancer staging Manual.

Eighth edition. Springer, ()Zaydfudim V. Feurer I.D. Griffin M.R. et al.

The impact of lymph node involvement on survival in patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Surg. 144 (): 1070-1077Medas F. Canu G.L. Boi F. et al.

Predictive Factors of Recurrence in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis on 579 Patients.

Cancers (Basel). : 11https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11091230Wang L.Y. Palmer F.L. Nixon I.J. et al.

Central lymph node characteristics predictive of outcome in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Thyroid. 24: 1790-1795Haugen B.R. Alexander E.K. Bible K.C. et al.

2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid. 26: 1-133

Prophylactic central neck dissection for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results and methodological assessment of systematic reviews.

JBI Evid Synth. 20: 980-1003Sturgeon C. Yang A. Elaraj D.

Surgical Management of Lymph Node Compartments in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 25: 17-40Leboulleux S. Girard E. Rose M. et al.

Ultrasound criteria of malignancy for cervical lymph nodes in patients followed up for differentiated thyroid cancer.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92: 3590-3594

Meta-analysis of ultrasound for cervical lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: Diagnosis of central and lateral compartment nodal metastases.

Eur J Radiol. 112: 14-21Roh J.L. Kim J.M. Park C.I.

Central lymph node metastasis of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma: patterns and factors predictive of nodal metastasis, morbidity, and recurrence.

Ann Surg Oncol. 18: 2245-2250Al-Hilli Z. Strajina V. McKenzie T.J. et al.

Thyroglobulin Measurement in Fine-Needle Aspiration Improves the Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Ann Surg Oncol. 24: 739-744Xing Z. Qiu Y. Yang Q. et al.

Thyroid cancer neck lymph nodes metastasis: Meta-analysis of US and CT diagnosis.

Eur J Radiol. 129109103Kim S.K. Woo J.W. Park I. et al.

Computed Tomography-Detected Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Ultrasonography Node-Negative Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Is It Really Significant?.

Ann Surg Oncol. 24: 442-449Scherl S. Mehra S. Clain J. et al.

The effect of surgeon experience on the detection of metastatic lymph nodes in the central compartment and the pathologic features of clinically unapparent metastatic lymph nodes: what are we missing when we don't perform a prophylactic dissection of central compartment lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer?.

Thyroid. 24: 1282-1288Kim M.J. Kim H.J. Park C.S. et al.

Frozen section analysis of central lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: the significance in determining the extent of surgery.

Gland Surg. 11: 640-650

Frozen section of central lymph nodes in thyroid cancer.

Gland Surg. 11: 637-639Albers M.B. Nordenstrom E. Wohlfahrt J. et al.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thyroid Cancer.

World J Surg. 44: 142-147Yan Y. Wang Y. Liu N. et al.

Predictive value of the Delphian lymph node in cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Eur J Surg Oncol. 47: 1727-1733Jonker P.K.C. Metman M.J.H. Sondorp L.H.J. et al.

Intraoperative MET-receptor targeted fluorescent imaging and spectroscopy for lymph node detection in papillary thyroid cancer: novel diagnostic tools for more selective central lymph node compartment dissection.

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-05763-3American Thyroid Association Surgery Working G American Association of Endocrine S American Academy of O.-H. et al.

Consensus statement on the terminology and classification of central neck dissection for thyroid cancer.

Thyroid. 19: 1153-1158Agrawal N. Evasovich M.R. Kandil E. et al.

Indications and extent of central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer: An American Head and Neck Society Consensus Statement.

Head Neck. 39: 1269-1279Park Y.M. Lee S.M. Kim D.W. et al.

Predictive factors of right paraesophageal lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Single center experience and meta-analysis.

PLoS One. 12: e0177956Kim D. Kwon H.K. Shin S.C. et al.

Right posterior paratracheal lymph nodes metastasis is one of the predictive factors in right-sided papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Surgery. 166: 1154-1159Likhterov I. Reis L.L. Urken M.L.

Central compartment management in patients with papillary thyroid cancer presenting with metastatic disease to the lateral neck: Anatomic pathways of lymphatic spread.

Head Neck. 39: 853-859Fraser S. Zaidi N. Norlen O. et al.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Occult Level 3 Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Ann Surg Oncol. 23: 3587-3592Hu D. Lin H. Zeng X. et al.

Risk Factors for and Prediction Model of Skip Metastasis to Lateral Lymph Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

World J Surg. 44: 1498-1505

Risk factors for skip metastasis and lateral lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer.

Surgery. 166: 55-60Harries V. McGill M. Tuttle R.M. et al.

Management of Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Thyroid. 30: 688-695Feng J.W. Qu Z. Ye J. et al.

Nomograms to predict ipsilateral and contralateral central lymph node metastasis in clinically lymph node-negative patients with solitary isthmic classic papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Surgery. 170: 1670-1679Song C.M. Lee D.W. Ji Y.B. et al.

Frequency and pattern of central lymph node metastasis in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid isthmus.

Head Neck. 38: E412-E416Musacchio M.J. Kim A.W. Vijungco J.D. et al.

Greater local recurrence occurs with "berry picking" than neck dissection in thyroid cancer.

Am Surg. 69 (): 191-196Kouvaraki M.A. Lee J.E. Shapiro S.E. et al.

Preventable reoperations for persistent and recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Surgery. 136: 1183-1191Sun R. Sheng J. Zhou Y. et al.

Relationship between the extent of central node dissection and parathyroid function preservation in thyroid cancer surgery.

Gland Surg. 10: 1093-1103Wang L.Y. Versnick M.A. Gill A.J. et al.

Level VII is an important component of central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer.

Ann Surg Oncol. 20: 2261-2265Kim D.H. Kim S.W. Hwang S.H.

Predictive Value of Delphian Lymph Node Metastasis in the Thyroid Cancer.

Laryngoscope. 131: 1990-1996Isaacs J.D. Lundgren C.I. Sidhu S.B. et al.

The Delphian lymph node in thyroid cancer.

Ann Surg. 247: 477-482Kaul P. Kaul P. Poonia D.R. et al.

Risk Benefit Analysis of Routine Thymectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancers: A Systematic Review.

Surg J (N Y). 7: e307-e313Robinson T.J. Thomas S. Dinan M.A. et al.

How Many Lymph Nodes Are Enough? Assessing the Adequacy of Lymph Node Yield for Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

J Clin Oncol. 34: 3434-3439Medas F. Canu G.L. Cappellacci F. et al.

Prophylactic Central Lymph Node Dissection Improves Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Intermediate and High Risk Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis on 399 Patients.

Cancers (Basel). : 12https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061658Chen L. Wu Y.H. Lee C.H. et al.

Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Clinically Uninvolved Central Neck Lymph Nodes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

World J Surg. 42: 2846-2857Zhao W.J. Luo H. Zhou Y.M. et al.

Evaluating the effectiveness of prophylactic central neck dissection with total thyroidectomy for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: An updated meta-analysis.

Eur J Surg Oncol. 43: 1989-2000Alsubaie K.M. Alsubaie H.M. Alzahrani F.R. et al.

Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for Clinically Node-Negative Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Laryngoscope. Sippel R.S. Robbins S.E. Poehls J.L. et al.

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: No Clear Benefit to Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection in Patients With Clinically Node Negative Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Ann Surg. 272: 496-503Sanabria A. Betancourt C. Sanchez J.G. et al.

Prophylactic Central Neck Lymph Node Dissection in Low-Risk Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Does not Decrease the Incidence of Locoregional Recurrence: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Ann Surg. Ahn J.H. Kwak J.H. Yoon S.G. et al.

A prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Surg. 171: 182-189Wang T.S. Cheung K. Farrokhyar F. et al.

A meta-analysis of the effect of prophylactic central compartment neck dissection on locoregional recurrence rates in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Ann Surg Oncol. 20: 3477-3483Jo Y.J. Choi H.R. Park S.H. et al.

Extent of thyroid surgery for clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma with confirmed nodal metastases after prophylactic central neck dissection: a 15-year experience in a single center.

Ann Surg Treat Res. 99: 197-204Nylen C. Eriksson F.B. Yang A. et al.

Prophylactic central lymph node dissection informs the decision of radioactive iodine ablation in papillary thyroid cancer.

Am J Surg. 221: 886-892Hughes D.T. Rosen J.E. Evans D.B. et al.

Prophylactic Central Compartment Neck Dissection in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Effect on Locoregional Recurrence.

Ann Surg Oncol. 25: 2526-2534Sawka A.M. Brierley J.D. Tsang R.W. et al.

An updated systematic review and commentary examining the effectiveness of radioactive iodine remnant ablation in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 37 (): 457-480

Is Prophylactic Central Compartment Neck Dissection Indicated for Clinically Node-Negative Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Answer is Dependent on How the Data are Interpreted and the Weight Given to the Risks and Benefits.

Ann Surg Oncol. 25: 3123-3124Viola D. Materazzi G. Valerio L. et al.

Prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical implications derived from the first prospective randomized controlled single institution study.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100: 1316-1324Filetti S. Durante C. Hartl D. et al.

Thyroid cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-updagger.

Ann Oncol. 30: 1856-1883Sywak M. Cornford L. Roach P. et al.

Routine ipsilateral level VI lymphadenectomy reduces postoperative thyroglobulin levels in papillary thyroid cancer.

Surgery. 140 (): 1000-1005Korkmaz M.H. Ocal B. Saylam G. et al.

The need of prophylactic central lymph node dissection is controversial in terms of postoperative thyroglobulin follow-up of patients with cN0 papillary thyroid cancer.

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 402: 235-242Medas F. Tuveri M. Canu G.L. et al.

Complications after reoperative thyroid surgery: retrospective evaluation of 152 consecutive cases.

Updates Surg. 71: 705-710Alvarado R. Sywak M.S. Delbridge L. et al.

Central lymph node dissection as a secondary procedure for papillary thyroid cancer: Is there added morbidity?.

Surgery. 145: 514-518Lombardi D. Accorona R. Paderno A. et al.

Morbidity of central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer.

Gland Surg. 6: 492-500Selberherr A. Riss P. Scheuba C. et al.

Prophylactic "First-Step" Central Neck Dissection (Level 6) Does Not Increase Morbidity After (Total) Thyroidectomy.

Ann Surg Oncol. 23: 4016-4022Mitchell A.L. Gandhi A. Scott-Coombes D. et al.

Management of thyroid cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines.

J Laryngol Otol. 130: S150-S160

NCCN) NCCN. Thyroid carcinoma: NCCN clinical Practice guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®).

() ()Ito Y. Onoda N. Okamoto T.

The revised clinical practice guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Associations of Endocrine Surgeons: Core questions and recommendations for treatments of thyroid cancer.

Endocr J. 67: 669-717Sancho J.J. Lennard T.W. Paunovic I. et al.

Prophylactic central neck disection in papillary thyroid cancer: a consensus report of the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons (ESES).

Langenbecks Arch Surg. 399: 155-163Ma B. Wang Y. Yang S. et al.

Predictive factors for central lymph node metastasis in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Int J Surg. 28: 153-161Carling T. Carty S.E. Ciarleglio M.M. et al.

American Thyroid Association design and feasibility of a prospective randomized controlled trial of prophylactic central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid. 22: 237-244Sutherland R. Tsang V. Clifton-Bligh R.J. et al.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Is active surveillance always enough?.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 95: 811-817Papachristos A.J. Do K. Tsang V. et al.

Outcomes of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma presenting with palpable lateral lymphadenopathy.

Thyroid. Wen X. Jin Q. Cen X. et al.

Clinicopathologic predictors of central lymph node metastases in clinical node-negative papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

World J Surg Oncol. 20: 106

Impact of prophylactic unilateral central neck dissection needed for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Gland Surg. 9: 352-361Yan X.Q. Zhang Z.Z. Yu W.J. et al.

Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection for cN1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Front Oncol. 11: 803986Harries V. McGill M. Wang L.Y. et al.

Is a Prophylactic Central Compartment Neck Dissection Required in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients with Clinically Involved Lateral Compartment Lymph Nodes?.

Ann Surg Oncol. 28: 512-518Carmel-Neiderman N.N. Mizrachi A. Yaniv D. et al.

Prophylactic central neck dissection has no advantage in patients with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to the lateral neck.

J Surg Oncol. 123: 456-461De Napoli L. Matrone A. Favilla K. et al.

Role of Prophylactic Central Compartment Lymph Node Dissection on the Outcome Of Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Synchronous Ipsilateral Cervical Lymph Node Metastases.

Endocr Pract. 26: 807-817Zatelli M.C. Lamartina L. Meringolo D. et al.

Thyroid nodule recurrence following lobo-isthmectomy: incidence, patient's characteristics, and risk factors.

J Endocrinol Invest. 41: 1469-1475Grani G. Lamartina L. Durante C. et al.

Follicular thyroid cancer and Hurthle cell carcinoma: challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 6: 500-514Perros P. Boelaert K. Colley S. et al.

Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 81: 1-122

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