Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):536-44. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. [PubMed: 32123347].

Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al.

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1199-207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316. [PubMed: 31995857].

Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. [PubMed: 32007145].

Wordometers. COVID Live - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer. 2023. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. [PubMed: 31986264].

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. [PubMed: 32031570].

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. [PubMed: 32007143].

Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87(4):281-6. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6. [PubMed: 32166607].

Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol. 2020;94(7):e00127. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20. [PubMed: 31996437].

Wong SK, Li W, Moore MJ, Choe H, Farzan M. A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(5):3197-201. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C300520200. [PubMed: 14670965].

Fan C, Lu W, Li K, Ding Y, Wang J. ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Infection in COVID-19 Patients. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:563893. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.563893. [PubMed: 33521006].

Panitchote A, Mehkri O, Hastings A, Hanane T, Demirjian S, Torbic H, et al. Factors associated with acute kidney injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0552-5. [PubMed: 31264042].

Ronco C, Reis T. Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(6):308-10. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0284-7. [PubMed: 32273593].

Zarbock A, Gomez H, Kellum JA. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury revisited: pathophysiology, prevention and future therapies. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2014;20(6):588-95. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000153. [PubMed: 25320909].

Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844-7. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. [PubMed: 32073213].

Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Gödel P, Subklewe M, Stemmler HJ, Schlößer HA, Schlaak M, et al. Cytokine release syndrome. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s40425-018-0343-9. [PubMed: 29907163].

Leisman DE, Ronner L, Pinotti R, Taylor MD, Sinha P, Calfee CS, et al. Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(12):1233-44. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30404-5. [PubMed: 33075298].

Hannah JR, Ali SS, Nagra D, Adas MA, Buazon AD, Galloway JB, et al. Skeletal muscles and Covid-19: a systematic

review of rhabdomyolysis and myositis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40(2):329-38. doi: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/mkfmxt. [PubMed: 35225218].

Sargiacomo C, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. COVID-19 and chronological aging: senolytics and other anti-aging drugs for the treatment or prevention of corona virus infection? Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(8):6511-7. doi: 10.18632/aging.103001. [PubMed: 32229706].

Lin L, Wang X, Ren J, Sun Y, Yu R, Li K, et al. Risk factors and prognosis for COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury: a

meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e042573-e. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042573. [PubMed: 33172950].

Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31. doi: 10.1186/cc5713. [PubMed: 17331245].

Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97(5):829-38. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005. [PubMed: 32247631].

Li Z, Wu M, Yao J, Guo J, Liao X, Song S, et al. Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients: A Multi-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study. SSRN. 2020:1-25. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3556634.

Ng JH, Hirsch JS, Hazzan A, Wanchoo R, Shah HH, Malieckal DA, et al. Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(2):204-15. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.002. [PubMed: 32961245].

Silva BM, Assis LCSD, Batista Júnior MDC, Gonzalez NAP, Anjos SBD, Goes MA. Acute kidney injury outcomes in covid-19 patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bras Nefrol. 2022;44(4):543-56. doi: 10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2022-0013en. [PubMed: 35848725].

Sabaghian T, Kharazmi AB, Ansari A, Omidi F, Kazemi SN, Hajikhani B, et al. COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:705908. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.705908. [PubMed: 35445048].

Fabrizi F, Alfieri CM, Cerutti R, Lunghi G, Messa P. COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens. 2020;9(12):1052. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9121052. [PubMed: 33334023].

Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City AreaHospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775. [PubMed: 32320003].

Khalili S, Sabaghian T, Sedaghat M, Soroureddin Z, Askari E, Khalili N. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Comparative Study between Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients. J Diabetes Res. 2021;2021:6666086. doi: 10.1155/2021/6666086. [PubMed: 33506050].

Zarbock A, Kellum JA, Schmidt C, Van Aken H, Wempe C, Pavenstädt H, et al. Effect of Early vs Delayed Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: The ELAIN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(20):2190-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5828. [PubMed: 27209269].

Harm S, Schildböck C, Hartmann J. Cytokine Removal in Extracorporeal Blood Purification: An in vitro Study. Blood Purif. 2020;49(1-2):33-43. doi: 10.1159/000502680. [PubMed: 31509822].

Amin A, Moon R, Agiro A, Rosenthal N, Brown H, Legg R, et al. In-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization cost of COVID-19 patients with and without hyperkalemia. Am J Med Sci. 2022;364(4):444-53. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.029. [PubMed: 35490703].

Shrestha AB, Sapkota UH, Shrestha S, Aryal M, Chand S, Thapa S, et al. Association of hypernatremia with outcomes of COVID-19 patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(51):e32535. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032535. [PubMed: 36595846].

Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, Arabi YM, Beitler JR, Mercat A, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):18. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0069-0. [PubMed: 30872586].