Total hip arthroplasty improves systemic muscle atrophy in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a musculoskeletal disease that causes severe coxalgia, functional impairments of the hip, and disrupts gait patterns, but also diminishes activities of daily life (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) [1,2]. Kemmler [3], who conducted a study to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia [4,5] in community-dwelling German women aged 70 years and older, reported that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.1% in the HOA group compared with 3.1% in the non-HOA group. Moreover, it has been reported that HOA was related to the occurrence of sarcopenic obesity [6]. It was presumed that these atrophic changes of systemic muscle [5,6] could be induced by the reduction in ADL caused by coxalgia [7].

There are several published studies in which cross-sectional areas or reconstructed volumes of specific muscles only around the hip and thigh were assessed by using by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. Evaluations of these previous studies have only been performed a few time points after THA. Therefore, temporal changes of systemic muscle volume after THA are not sufficiently understood, particularly with respect to different body regions and the timing of improvement after THA. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in HOA is one of the most effective surgical interventions that improve not only local symptoms at the hip and motor performance of the hip, but also patient's ADL and QOL [14,15]. It is a clinical question that THA can improve systemic muscle volume loss manifested in the form of sarcopenia. We hypothesized that THA would significantly improve systemic muscle volume in all body regions, not only in operated lower extremity, compared with preoperative muscle volume.

The purpose of the present study was to describe temporal changes of muscle volume in all body regions after THA and to determine positive (secondary) effects of THA for systemic muscle atrophy in patients with unilateral HOA with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

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