Prevalence of anemia, associated risk factors and outcome in CHUK, Rwanda: a prospective observational study.

Abstract

Background: Admitted patients with anemia are at increased morbidity and mortality risk as well as length of hospital stay. It affects more than 2 billion people worldwide and is causing significant morbidity and mortality. Its etiology is varying with many predisposing factors including nutritional deficiencies, infections, Malignancies, chronic inflammations and other chronic diseases like autoimmune diseases, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease. Methods: We performed a non-randomized, prospective observational study of 143 patients admitted in Internal Medicine between March and April 2021, we assessed their hemoglobin level in order to determine the prevalence of anemia. The demographic and clinical data were collected using a designed questionnaire. All patients found to have anemia were followed for outcome assessment (either discharge or died). Results: The prevalence of anemia was high (52.4%) among 143 admitted patients in Internal Medicine, CHUK. Patients with HIV, cancer and chronic kidney disease had 5.84-, 4.11- and 3.79-times risk of having anemia respectively. In 75 patients who had anemia 10 patients died among them 5 patients were having severe anemia; 25 patients were 60 years old and above; 60 patients had normocytic anemia and they had an average of length of hospital stay of 20.6 days, patients with severe anemia, length of hospital stay was 28 days. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of anemia which is associated with high mortality rate among admitted patients in CHUK. Priority should be given to the preventive medicine, optimal management of chronic disease and geriatric medicine.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This study did not receive any funding.

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

This study was approved by Ethics committee/IRB of Medicine and Health Sciences gave ethical for this work and Ethics committee/IRB of CHUK gave ethical approval for this work.

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

Yes

Data Availability

The dataset is well maintained by the study investigators and can be shared on demand

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