aDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health

bAsthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

cDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center

dDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical Center

eChild Health Equity Center, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Chan Medical School, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

Correspondence to Michelle Trivedi, MD, MPH, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Tel: +1 774 441 8086; e-mail: [email protected]