Weir MR, Burgess ED, Cooper JE, Fenves AZ, Goldsmith D, McKay D, et al. Assessment and management of hypertension in transplant patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;26(6):1248–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gülhan B, Topaloğlu R, Karabulut E, Ozaltın F, Aki FT, Bilginer Y, et al. Post-transplant hypertension in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29(6):1075–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kitzmueller E, Vécsei A, Pichler J, Böhm M, Müller T, Vargha R, et al. Changes of blood pressure and left ventricular mass in pediatric renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004;19(12):1385–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jacobi J, Rockstroh J, John S, Schreiber M, Schlaich MP, Neumayer HH, et al. Prospective analysis of the value of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure on renal function after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2000;70(5):819–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitsnefes MM, Khoury PR, McEnery PT. Early posttransplantation hypertension and poor long-term renal allograft survival in pediatric patients. J Pediatr. 2003;143(1):98–103.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3).

Flynn JT, Urbina EM, Brady TM, Baker-Smith C, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: 2022 update: a scientific statement from the american heart association. Hypertension. 2022;23:101161HYP0000000000000215.

Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK, Dominiczak A, Erdine S, Hirth A, et al. 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens. 2016;34(10):1887–920.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Blood Pressure Work Group. KDIGO. clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2021;99(3S):S1–87.

Google Scholar 

National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004;114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555–576.

Wühl E, Witte K, Soergel M, Mehls O, Schaefer F, German Working Group on Pediatric Hypertension. Distribution of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in children: normalized reference values and role of body dimensions. J Hypertens. 2002;20(10):1995–2007.

ESCAPE Trial Group, Wühl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, et al. Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(17):1639–1650.

Seeman T, Vondrák K, Dušek J. Effects of the strict control of blood pressure in pediatric renal transplant recipients-ESCORT trial. Pediatr Transplant. 2019;23(1):e13329.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seifert ME, Dahale DS, Kamel M, Winterberg PD, Barletta GM, Belsha CW, et al. The improving renal outcomes collaborative: blood pressure measurement in transplant recipients. Pediatrics. 2020;146(1).

Wu JGA, Tong A, Evangelidis N, Manera KE, Hanson CS, Baumgart A, et al. Patient and caregiver perspectives on blood pressure in children with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2021.

Borchert-Mörlins B, Thurn D, Schmidt BMW, Büscher AK, Oh J, Kier T, et al. Factors associated with cardiovascular target organ damage in children after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(11):2143–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Höcker B, Weber LT, John U, Drube J, Fehrenbach H, Klaus G, et al. Steroid withdrawal improves blood pressure control and nocturnal dipping in pediatric renal transplant recipients: analysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatr Nephrol. 2019;34(2):341–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rumman RK, Ramroop R, Chanchlani R, Ghany M, Hebert D, Harvey EA, et al. Longitudinal assessment of myocardial function in childhood chronic kidney disease, during dialysis, and following kidney transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2017;32(8):1401–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thorsteinsdottir H, Christensen JJ, Holven KB, Tveiterås M, Brun H, Åsberg A, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors are inversely associated with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid plasma levels in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. J Ren Nutr. 2020.

Santos LB, Borges LM, Souza LV, Felipe CR, Medina-Pestana JO, do Carmo Franco M. Is low birth weight an additional risk factor for hypertension in paediatric patients after kidney transplantation? J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2020;11(1):3–6.

Blöte R, Memaran N, Borchert-Mörlins B, Thurn-Valsassina D, Goldschmidt I, Beier R, et al. Greater susceptibility for metabolic syndrome in pediatric solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2019;103(11):2423–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tangnararatchakit K, Kongkhanin U, Katanyuwong P, Saisawat P, Chantarogh S, Pirojsakul K. Inadequate blood pressure control demonstrated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant. 2019;23(6):e13499.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Sugianto RI, Schmidt BMW, Memaran N, Duzova A, Topaloglu R, Seeman T, et al. Sex and age as determinants for high blood pressure in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a longitudinal analysis of the CERTAIN Registry. Pediatr Nephrol. 2020;35(3):415–426. A large study following a cohort up to 3 years post KTx, and analyzing the prevalence and risk factors for HTN.

Hamdani G, Nehus EJ, Hanevold CD, Sebestyen Van Sickle J, Woroniecki R, Wenderfer SE, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and allograft function in children and young adults after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2017;101(1):150–156.

Pais P, Dello Strologo L, Iyengar A, Velusamy V, Greenbaum LA. Nocturnal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients in South India. Pediatr Transplant. 2020;24(4):e13710.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Villasís-Keever MA, Zurita-Cruz JN, Serret-Montoya J, de Leon-Herrera AP, Galván-Heredia P, Zepeda-Martínez CDC, et al. Cardiometabolic factors in pediatric patients with chronic diseases. Arch Med Res. 2021.

Végh A, Bárczi A, Cseprekál O, Kis É, Kelen K, Török S, et al. Follow-up of blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and GFR in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;16(8):800580.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bárczi A, Lakatos BK, Szilágyi M, Kis É, Cseprekál O, Fábián A, et al. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction in pediatric kidney transplant recipients identified by speckle-tracking echocardiography. Pediatr Nephrol. 2022.

Taylor VA, Kirby CL, Nehus EJ, Goebel J, Hooper DK. Composite health outcomes in pediatric and young adult kidney transplant recipients. J Pediatr. 2019;204:196–202.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alparslan C, Yavascan O, Doğan MS, Saritas S, Mutlubas Ozsan F, Kasap Demir B, et al. Pretransplant stable systolic cardiac functions play an important role in short-term systolic cardiac functions after kidney transplant in children. Exp Clin Transplant. 2017;15(1):34–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmidt BMW, Sugianto RI, Thurn D, Azukaitis K, Bayazit AK, Canpolat N, et al. Early effects of renal replacement therapy on cardiovascular comorbidity in children with end-stage kidney disease: findings from the 4C-T study. Transplantation. 2018;102(3):484–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramoğlu MG, Uçar T, Yılmaz S, Özçakar ZB, Kurt-Şükür ED, Tutar E, et al. Hypertension and improved left ventricular mass index in children after renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2017;21(8).

Hamdani G, Nehus EJ, Hanevold CD, VanSickle JS, Hooper DK, Blowey D, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure control in children and young adults after kidney transplantation. Am J Hypertens. 2017;30(10):1039–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vafaei F, Dehghani SM, Malekhoseini SA, Karamifar H, Nikeghbalian S. Prevalence of postoperation metabolic syndrome in pediatric liver transplant patients: a single center experience. Exp Clin Transplant. 2018;16(5):582–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dégi AA, Bárczi A, Szabó D, Kis É, Reusz GS, Dezsőfi A. Cardiovascular risk assessment in pediatric liver transplant patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(3):377–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mager DR, Hager A, Siminoski K, Yap JK, Gilmour SM. Healthy body weights with corticosteroid-free immunosuppression is the best predictor of cardiovascular health in children after liver transplantation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(5):713–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roblin E, Dumortier J, Di Filippo M, Collardeau-Frachon S, Sassolas A, Peretti N, et al. Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant. 2016;20(2):241–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naeser V, Brandt AH, Nyhuus B, Borgwardt L, Jørgensen MH, Rasmussen A. Risk markers for later cardiovascular diseases in liver-transplanted children and adolescents. Pediatr Transplant. 2018;22(8):e13298.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Memaran N, Borchert-Mörlins B, Schmidt BMW, Sugianto RI, Wilke H, Blöte R, et al. High burden of subclinical cardiovascular target organ damage after pediatric liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2019;25(5):752–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chambers JH, Zerofsky M, Lustig RH, Rosenthal P, Perito ER. Diet and exercise in pediatric liver transplant recipients: behaviors and association with metabolic syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(1):81–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

• Arikanoğlu E, Tabel Y, Selimoğlu A. Evaluation of arterial hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Blood Press Monit. 2021. A small study which apllied ABPM to evaluate BP status post LTx, revealing high prevalence of masked HTN.

Hilk K, Zerofsky M, Rhee S, Rosenthal P, Perito ER. Center variation in screening for and management of metabolic syndrome in pediatric liver transplant recipients: a survey of SPLIT centers. Pediatr Transplant. 2019;23(3):e13347.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

• Memaran N, Onnen M, Müller C, Schwerk N, Carlens J, Borchert-Mörlins B, et al. Cardiovascular burden is high in pediatric lung transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2022. A small study following LuTx recipients and revealing high prevalence of HTN, and its association with arterial stiffness.

Bechtold SM, Rohrer TR, Raile K, Hofer S, Thon A, Boettcher C, et al. Diabetes mellitus in pediatric solid organ recipients without and with cystic fibrosis: an analysis from the German-Austrian diabetes database (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation). Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(7):1191–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kerstein JS, Donovan DJ, Zinn MD, Richmond ME, Cheung EW, Addonizio LJ, et al. Anti-hypertensive treatment in the immediate post-operative period and 1 year after pediatric heart transplantation. Pediatr Transplant. 2020;21:e13801.

Google Scholar 

Wagner SJ, Turek JW, Maldonado J, Staron M, Edens RE. Less is more in post pediatric heart transplant care. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019;107(1):165–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weitz M, Laube GF, Schmidt M, Krupka K, Murer L, Müller D, et al. Outcome of renal transplantation in small infants: a match-controlled analysis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2018;33(6):1057–68.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tjaden LA, Jager KJ, Bonthuis M, Kuehni CE, Lilien MR, Seeman T, et al. Racial variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among European children on renal replacement therapy-results from the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(11):1908–17.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sgambat K, Clauss S, Moudgil A. Comparison of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio for identification of subclinical cardiovascular risk in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant. 2018;22(8):e13300.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Jain A, Daoud D, Kees-Folts D, Freeman MA, Butt F, Abendroth CS, et al. Steroid-free maintenance immunosuppression using alemtuzumab in pediatric kidney transplantation: long-term longitudinal follow-up. Pediatr Transplant. 2021;e14173. Low prevalence of HTN in KTx recipients on steroid-free maintenance immunosuppression after alemtuzumab induction.

Ruben S, Kreuzer M, Büscher A, Büscher R, Thumfart J, Querfeld U, et al. Impaired microcirculation in children after kidney transplantation: everolimus versus mycophenolate based immunosuppression regimen. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018;43(3):793–806.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brubaker AL, Stoltz DJ, Chaudhuri A, Maestretti L, Grimm PC, Concepcion W, et al. Superior hypertension management in pediatric kidney transplant patients after native nephrectomy. Transplantation. 2018;102(7):1172–8.

Article